How to Backup an SQLite Database with a Timestamp in Python

import sqlite3
import shutil
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path

def backup_database(db_path: str, backup_dir: str = "backups") -> Path:
    db = Path(db_path)
    backup_folder = Path(backup_dir)
    backup_folder.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
    
    timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
    backup_name = f"{db.stem}_{timestamp}.db"
    backup_path = backup_folder / backup_name
    
    # Create a proper backup using SQLite's backup API
    source = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
    destination = sqlite3.connect(backup_path)
    source.backup(destination)
    destination.close()
    source.close()
    
    return backup_path

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Create a test database
    test_db = "example.db"
    conn = sqlite3.connect(test_db)
    conn.execute("CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER, name TEXT)")
    conn.execute("INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'Alice')")
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    
    backup = backup_database(test_db)
    print(f"Backup created at: {backup}")
    
    # Clean up test files
    Path(test_db).unlink()
    backup.unlink()