How to Detect Network Interface Changes in Python

import socket
import psutil
import time

def get_network_interfaces():
    """Return a set of currently active interface names."""
    active_ifaces = set()
    for iface, addrs in psutil.net_if_addrs().items():
        for addr in addrs:
            if addr.family == socket.AF_INET:  # IPv4 address present
                active_ifaces.add(iface)
                break
    return active_ifaces

def monitor_interface_changes(interval=2):
    print(f"Monitoring network interface changes every {interval}s. Press Ctrl+C to stop.")
    prev = get_network_interfaces()
    print(f"Initial interfaces: {prev}")
    try:
        while True:
            time.sleep(interval)
            current = get_network_interfaces()
            if current != prev:
                added = current - prev
                removed = prev - current
                if added:
                    print(f"[+] Interface added: {added}")
                if removed:
                    print(f"[-] Interface removed: {removed}")
                prev = current
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\nMonitoring stopped.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    monitor_interface_changes()