How to Use Dictionaries and Sets in Python for Beginners

def demonstrate_dict_sets():
    # Create a dictionary with basic info
    person = {
        "name": "Alice",
        "age": 30,
        "city": "New York"
    }
    print("Dictionary:", person)

    # Access and modify dictionary values
    person["age"] = 31
    person["email"] = "alice@example.com"
    print("After updates:", person)

    # Create a set of unique items
    hobbies = {"reading", "hiking", "cooking", "hiking"}  # duplicates removed
    print("Set:", hobbies)

    # Dictionary operations
    print("Keys:", list(person.keys()))
    print("Values:", list(person.values()))
    print("Has 'age'?", "age" in person)

    # Set operations
    other_hobbies = {"hiking", "gaming", "painting"}
    print("Common hobbies:", hobbies.intersection(other_hobbies))
    print("All hobbies:", hobbies.union(other_hobbies))

    # Practical use: count word frequencies
    text = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
    word_counts = {}
    for word in text.split():
        word_counts[word] = word_counts.get(word, 0) + 1
    print("Word counts:", word_counts)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    demonstrate_dict_sets()