How to Filter Data in Python

from typing import List, Dict, Any


def filter_data(
    data: List[Dict[str, Any]], key: str, value: Any
) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
    """Return records where data[key] equals value."""
    return [record for record in data if record.get(key) == value]


def filter_by_range(
    data: List[Dict[str, Any]], key: str, low: float, high: float
) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
    """Return records where low <= data[key] <= high."""
    return [record for record in data if low <= record.get(key) <= high]


if __name__ == "__main__":
    dataset = [
        {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "NYC"},
        {"name": "Bob", "age": 25, "city": "LA"},
        {"name": "Carol", "age": 35, "city": "NYC"},
        {"name": "Dave", "age": 40, "city": "Chicago"},
    ]

    print("Filter by city == 'NYC':")
    print(filter_data(dataset, "city", "NYC"))

    print("\nFilter age between 25 and 35:")
    print(filter_by_range(dataset, "age", 25, 35))