How to Cap Retry Attempts in Python with a Decorator

import random
from functools import wraps
from time import sleep


def retry(max_attempts, delay=0.1):
    def decorator(func):
        @wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            attempts = 0
            while attempts < max_attempts:
                try:
                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
                except Exception as e:
                    attempts += 1
                    if attempts == max_attempts:
                        raise
                    sleep(delay)
            return None
        return wrapper
    return decorator


class UnstableService:
    def __init__(self, fail_probability=0.4):
        self.fail_probability = fail_probability

    @retry(max_attempts=3)
    def fetch(self):
        if random.random() < self.fail_probability:
            raise ConnectionError("Temporary network failure")
        return "data"


if __name__ == "__main__":
    service = UnstableService()
    for i in range(5):
        try:
            result = service.fetch()
            print(f"Attempt {i+1}: success - {result}")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Attempt {i+1}: failed after retries - {e}")