How to Retry on Specific Exception Tuples in Python

import time
import random
from unittest.mock import patch


def retry_on_exceptions(retries=3, exceptions=(ValueError,), delay=0.1):
    def decorator(func):
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            for attempt in range(retries):
                try:
                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
                except exceptions:
                    if attempt == retries - 1:
                        raise
                    time.sleep(delay)
        return wrapper
    return decorator


def flaky_service():
    if random.random() < 0.6:
        raise ValueError("Temporary failure")
    return "Success"


@retry_on_exceptions(retries=3, exceptions=(ValueError,), delay=0.05)
def critical_call():
    return flaky_service()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    with patch("random.random", side_effect=[0.2, 0.8]):
        result = critical_call()
        print(f"Result: {result}")

    with patch("random.random", side_effect=[0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.9]):
        result = critical_call()
        print(f"Result: {result}")