Python Code
Samples
Easy snippets you can copy, study, and run in the browser editor.
Mock a Helm Upgrade Install Command in Python
Use unittest mock to simulate a Helm upgrade --install call for testing automation scripts without a real cluster.
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
class HelmClient:
def upgrade_install(self, release, chart, namespace="default"):
# Simulates the helm upgrade --install command
return f"Release {release} upgraded/installed in {namespace} using chart {chart}"
@patch("helm_client.HelmClient.upgrade_in…Mock systemctl Wrapper in Python for Service Testing
A Python class-based mock of systemctl that simulates start, stop, restart, and status operations for a service, useful for testing automation scripts.
import subprocess
import sys
class ServiceManager:
def __init__(self, service_name):
self.service_name = service_name
self.status = "inactive"
def start(self):
self.status = "active"
print(f"Starting {self.service_name}... OK")
def stop(self):
self.status …Monitor Website Uptime with Python
Periodically check if a website is reachable and its HTTP status is 200, logging the status with timestamps.
import requests
import time
def check_website(url):
try:
response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)
if response.status_code == 200:
return True
else:
return False
except requests.ConnectionError:
return False
except requests.Timeout:
return Fals…Parse WHOIS Data with Python Regex
Extract domain registration fields from a mock WHOIS record using regex and compute days until expiration.
import re
from datetime import datetime
def parse_whois(whois_text: str) -> dict:
"""Extract key registration fields from a mock WHOIS record."""
patterns = {
"domain": r"Domain Name:\s*(.+)",
"registrar": r"Registrar:\s*(.+)",
"creation_date": r"Creation Date:\s*(.+)",
"expir…Parse cron expression and compute next run datetime in Python
Parse a 5-field cron expression and compute the next matching datetime starting from a given base time.
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import re
def parse_cron_and_next_run(cron_expr, base_time=None):
"""Parse a cron expression and compute the next run time."""
if base_time is None:
base_time = datetime.now().replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
fields = cron_expr.split()
if len(fields) !…Pin Python package versions in requirements.txt
Pin package versions in requirements.txt-style text by adding ==version when no specifier is present, while preserving existing version constraints and comments.
import re
from pathlib import Path
def pin_versions(requirements_text: str) -> str:
"""
Pin package versions in requirements.txt-style text.
Adds ==version if no version specifier is present.
Keeps existing specifiers (>=, <=, ~=, etc.) unchanged.
"""
lines = requirements_text.strip().splitli…Port Scan Localhost Common Ports in Python
Scan common localhost ports (HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, FTP, and more) with a fast socket-based Python script that prints an open/closed status table.
import socket
from datetime import datetime
COMMON_PORTS = {
80: "HTTP",
443: "HTTPS",
22: "SSH",
21: "FTP",
25: "SMTP",
3306: "MySQL",
5432: "PostgreSQL"
}
def scan_port(port):
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.settimeout(0.1)
try:
resu…Rename Files in Folder with Numeric Prefix in Python
Renames all files in a folder by adding a sequential numeric prefix (e.g., 01_, 02_) to each filename using pathlib.
from pathlib import Path
def rename_with_numeric_prefix(folder_path):
folder = Path(folder_path)
for index, file_path in enumerate(folder.iterdir(), start=1):
if file_path.is_file():
new_name = f"{index:02d}_{file_path.name}"
new_path = file_path.with_name(new_name)
…Resize Disk Partitions in Python (Mock Script)
A mock disk partition resize script that uses dataclasses to model partitions, validate new sizes, and output the updated layout as JSON.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Mock script to demonstrate disk partition resize logic."""
import json
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Dict
@dataclass
class Partition:
name: str
size_gb: int
mount_point: str
def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, object]:
return {
"name": …Restore sqlite from latest backup file in Python
This script finds the most recently modified backup file in a directory and restores it to the main database path, then verifies the restored data.
import sqlite3
import glob
import os
import shutil
def restore_latest_backup(db_path, backup_dir):
backups = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(backup_dir, "*.db")), key=os.path.getmtime)
if not backups:
raise FileNotFoundError("No backup files found")
latest = backups[-1]
shutil.copy2(latest, db_p…Restrict Secrets File Permissions with the chmod Script in Python
This script restricts a secrets file to 0600 permissions, rotates it to a dated backup, and creates a fresh protected file for secure automation workflows.
import os
import sys
import stat
from pathlib import Path
def restrict_secrets_file(filepath: str) -> None:
"""Set restrictive permissions (0600) on a secrets file."""
path = Path(filepath).expanduser()
if not path.is_file():
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Secrets file not found: {path}")
…Rotate API keys in Python by updating an .env template
Replace an old API key with a new one inside an .env template file, with a guard for missing keys.
import json
from pathlib import Path
def rotate_api_keys(env_template_path: Path, old_key: str, new_key: str) -> None:
"""Replace an old API key with a new one in an .env template file."""
content = env_template_path.read_text()
if old_key not in content:
print(f"Error: '{old_key}' not found in {e…Run pytest and email summary in Python
Runs pytest via subprocess, extracts the test summary line, and sends it in an email (mocked for demonstration).
import smtplib
import subprocess
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
def run_tests():
"""Run pytest and capture the summary output."""
result = subprocess.run(
["pytest", "-q"],
capture_output=True,
text=True
)
return result.stdo…Schedule Daily Task in Python
Use the schedule library to queue a daily task at a fixed time, then simulate a loop that checks for pending jobs.
import schedule
import time
from datetime import datetime
def daily_task():
print(f"Task executed at {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}")
schedule.every().day.at("10:30").do(daily_task)
if __name__ == "__main__":
for _ in range(3):
schedule.run_pending()
time.sleep(1)Toggle VPN Mock Network Manager Script in Python
Simulate a VPN manager with connect, disconnect, toggle, and status methods for testing or demo workflows.
import time
class MockVPNManager:
def __init__(self):
self.is_connected = False
self.servers = ["us-west", "eu-central", "asia-east"]
self.active_server = None
def toggle(self):
if self.is_connected:
self.disconnect()
else:
self.connect()
d…How to Run a Mock Cron Pipeline Scheduler in Python
This code schedules a mock pipeline job to run every 2 seconds and hourly at :30 using the schedule library, then runs pending tasks for 10 seconds.
import time
import schedule
from datetime import datetime
def run_pipeline():
print(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} - Pipeline executed")
schedule.every(2).seconds.do(run_pipeline)
schedule.every().hour.at(":30").do(run_pipeline)
print("Scheduler started. Press Ctrl+C to stop.")
end_time = ti…Amend Last Commit Message in Python
This script uses subprocess to run `git commit --amend` and update the most recent commit's message in your repository.
import subprocess
import sys
def amend_last_commit_message(new_message: str) -> None:
"""Change the message of the most recent commit."""
result = subprocess.run(
["git", "commit", "--amend", "-m", new_message],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=False,
)
if result.…Bisect Good Bad Automation Script in Python
This Python script implements a binary search to find the first bad version in a list, simulating an automation script for git bisect.
import bisect
def find_first_bad(versions):
"""Given a list of version objects with .is_bad(), find first bad version."""
lo, hi = 0, len(versions)
while lo < hi:
mid = (lo + hi) // 2
if versions[mid].is_bad():
hi = mid
else:
lo = mid + 1
return lo
clas…Bump Semantic Version Git Tag in Python
Automatically find the latest Git tag and compute the next patch release using semantic versioning (semver) in Python.
from re import match
from subprocess import run
SEMVER_PATTERN = r"^v(?P<major>0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P<minor>0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P<patch>0|[1-9]\d*)(?:-(?P<prerelease>[0-9A-Za-z-]+(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z-]+)*))?(?:\+(?P<buildmetadata>[0-9A-Za-z-]+(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z-]+)*))?$"
def get_latest_tag() -> str:
result = run(["git", "describe…Detect Merge Conflict Markers in a File with Python
Scan a file line by line to detect Git merge conflict markers (<<<<<<<, =======, >>>>>>>) and report their line numbers with context.
from pathlib import Path
def detect_merge_conflicts(file_path):
conflicts = []
with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
lines = f.readlines()
for i, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
if line.startswith('<<<<<<<'):
conflict_marker = 'conflict start'
conflicts.append((i, confl…Fetch Pull Rebase Workflow Script in Python
A Python script that automates the git fetch, checkout, and pull with rebase workflow using subprocess.
import subprocess
import sys
def run_git_command(args: list[str]) -> str:
"""Run a git command and return its stdout, or raise on failure."""
result = subprocess.run(
["git", *args],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=False,
)
if result.returncode != 0:
prin…Get Git Status Info in Python
Run git commands from Python to gather branch name, number of changes, total commits, and clean status, returning them as a dict.
import subprocess
import json
from pathlib import Path
def get_git_status(repo_path="."):
"""Return basic git info about a repository as a dict."""
try:
branch = subprocess.check_output(
["git", "branch", "--show-current"],
cwd=repo_path,
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,…How to Auto-Suggest a SemVer Bump From Git Commit Messages in Python
This code scans Git commit messages (recent or sample) and suggests the next Semantic Versioning bump type — major, minor, patch, or none.
import re
import subprocess
from pathlib import Path
def get_commit_messages(path="."):
"""Read commit messages from a repo or use sample messages."""
if (Path(path) / ".git").exists():
out = subprocess.run(
["git", "-C", path, "log", "--pretty=%s"], capture_output=True, text=True
…How to Build a Git Helper Class in Python
A beginner-friendly GitHelper class that wraps common git commands (status, log, branch) into reusable Python methods with structured output.
import subprocess
import json
from pathlib import Path
class GitHelper:
def __init__(self, repo_path="."):
self.repo = Path(repo_path)
def run(self, *args):
result = subprocess.run(
["git", *args],
cwd=self.repo,
capture_output=True,
text=True,…Browse by section
Each section groups closely related Python snippets.
Guide: free Python code samples library
Copy-ready Python snippets for learners and developers
PythonSkillset code samples are short, focused examples organised by topic and difficulty. Every snippet is server-rendered HTML — readable by search engines and easy to copy. Open any sample, read the notes, copy the code, then press Try in editor to run it in the browser with Pyodide.
How to use this library
- Pick a topic section — strings, lists, files, functions, and more
- Open a sample, read How it works, and copy the code block
- Run it in the IDE, tweak values, then take a related quiz or tutorial lesson
Samples vs tutorials and challenges
Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.