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Medium snippets you can copy, study, and run in the browser editor.
Offset vs Keyset Pagination in Python
Demonstrate offset-based pagination and keyset (cursor) pagination with a simple in-memory dataset, showing how each returns pages of records.
"""Demonstrate pagination using offset vs keyset (cursor) approach."""
ITEMS = [
{"id": 1, "name": "Alice"},
{"id": 2, "name": "Bob"},
{"id": 3, "name": "Carol"},
{"id": 4, "name": "David"},
{"id": 5, "name": "Eve"},
]
def offset_paginate(items, page, page_size):
"""Return a page using offset…Two Phase Commit Cross Shard Mock in Python
Simulates a two-phase commit across shards with failure handling to demonstrate distributed transaction coordination in Python.
"""Mock cross-shard two-phase commit with caution handling."""
class Shard:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.prepared = False
self.committed = False
self.aborted = False
def prepare(self):
# Simulate potential failure (1 in 3 chance on third shard)
…How to Hash Passwords and Authenticate Users in Python
A beginner-friendly dataclass-based design that hashes passwords with PBKDF2 and verifies them securely using constant-time comparisons.
import hashlib
import hmac
import secrets
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional
@dataclass
class User:
id: int
username: str
password_hash: str
salt: str
def hash_password(password: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
salt = secrets.token_hex(16)
password_hash = hashlib.pbkdf2_…How to mock DNS CAA record lookups in Python
Parse and filter DNS CAA records with a mock lookup function, demonstrating how certificate authorities validate domain authorization.
import dnslib
def parse_caa_record(record_string):
"""Parse a DNS CAA record string into its components."""
parts = record_string.split()
flags = int(parts[0])
tag = parts[1]
value = parts[2]
return flags, tag, value
def mock_caa_lookup(domain, caa_records):
"""Mock DNS CAA lookup that re…Browse by section
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Guide: free Python code samples library
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