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Copy-ready Python snippets by topic and difficulty — short, focused, and runnable in the browser editor.
Discover RSS Feeds From Any Website in Python
Scrape a website's HTML to automatically find all linked RSS or Atom feed URLs using requests, BeautifulSoup, and regex.
import requests
import re
from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def discover_rss_feeds(url):
"""Discover all RSS/Atom feeds linked from a given website."""
try:
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; RSSDiscovery/1.0)'}
response = requests.get(url…Extract Every Open Graph and Social Media Meta Tag from Web Pages in Python
A Python script that fetches a webpage and extracts all Open Graph, Twitter Card, Facebook, and Article meta tags using the standard library HTML parser.
from html.parser import HTMLParser
import re
from urllib.request import urlopen
from urllib.parse import urlparse
class MetaExtractor(HTMLParser):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.meta_tags = []
def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
if tag == 'meta':
attrs_…Fetch weather API mock and write dashboard HTML in Python
This script fetches a mock weather API response as a Python dict, builds a simple HTML dashboard, writes it to a file, and prints both the file path and JSON payload.
from datetime import datetime
import json
import os
def fetch_weather_mock(city: str) -> dict:
"""Return a mock weather payload for a given city."""
return {
"city": city,
"temperature_c": 21.5,
"condition": "Partly Cloudy",
"humidity": 58,
"wind_kph": 12.3,
"u…How to Bump Version in pyproject.toml Using Regex in Python
Updates the version field in a pyproject.toml file using a regex substitution with the Python standard library.
import re
from pathlib import Path
def bump_version(pyproject_path: str, new_version: str) -> None:
"""Update version in pyproject.toml using regex."""
path = Path(pyproject_path)
content = path.read_text()
# Match version = "x.y.z" (simple or PEP 440 with pre-release)
pattern = r'^version\s*=\s*…How to Detect Unused Images in a Project with Python
A Python script that scans a website project folder, identifies all image files, and checks HTML/CSS/JS files to find which images are never referenced.
import os
import re
from pathlib import Path
def find_unused_images(project_path):
image_exts = {'.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.gif', '.svg', '.webp'}
used_images = set()
all_images = set()
# Find all image files
for root, _, files in os.walk(project_path):
for file in files:
…How to apply Kubernetes YAML files from a folder in Python
Uses the Kubernetes Python client to apply all YAML manifests in a directory, with sorted processing and per-file error handling.
import os
import yaml
from kubernetes import client, config
from kubernetes.utils import create_from_yaml
def apply_yaml_folder(folder_path):
"""Apply all YAML files in a folder using the Kubernetes mock client."""
# Load mock configuration
config.load_kube_config()
k8s_client = client.ApiClient()
…Scrape HTML Tables in Python with html.parser
Extract data from HTML tables using Python's built-in html.parser module, without third-party dependencies, by overriding callback methods to track table, row, and cell states.
import html.parser
from urllib.request import urlopen
class TableParser(html.parser.HTMLParser):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.in_table = False
self.in_row = False
self.in_cell = False
self.current_cell = []
self.rows = []
self.row = []
d…How to Generate a Mock EKS Kubeconfig in Python
Generate a minimal kubeconfig dict with a mock EKS cluster entry and dump it to YAML using PyYAML.
import yaml
from pathlib import Path
def mock_eks_kubeconfig(cluster_name: str) -> dict:
"""Return a minimal kubeconfig dict with a mock EKS cluster entry."""
return {
"apiVersion": "v1",
"kind": "Config",
"clusters": [
{
"name": f"arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:123…How to Mock CloudFront Invalidation Paths in Python
Build a sorted, deduplicated list of CloudFront invalidation paths from a set of file paths, adding implicit index.html entries.
import argparse
def build_invalidation_paths(files, include_index=True):
"""
Create CloudFront invalidation paths from a list of files.
Converts file names to root-relative paths and optionally adds /index.html.
"""
paths = []
for f in files:
f = f.strip()
if not f:
…Configure ruff linter rules in pyproject.toml with Python
Reads an existing pyproject.toml and merges common ruff linter rules into the tool.ruff section using Python's tomllib.
import tomllib
from pathlib import Path
def configure_ruff_linter_rules(project_path: str = ".") -> dict:
"""Add common ruff linter rules to pyproject.toml if missing."""
pyproject_path = Path(project_path) / "pyproject.toml"
# Default config for ruff linter with practical rules
ruff_config = {
…How to Export a Conda Environment YAML File in Python
Generate a mock conda environment YAML export with a reusable Python function and the PyYAML library.
import yaml
def conda_env_mock(name="demo_env", channels=None, packages=None):
channels = channels or ["defaults"]
packages = packages or [
"python=3.11",
"pip",
"numpy=1.24.3",
"pandas=2.0.3",
]
env_dict = {
"name": name,
"channels": channels,
…How to List Pre-commit Hooks from YAML Config in Python
Parse a .pre-commit-config.yaml file with PyYAML and print every hook ID paired with its source repository.
import yaml
pre_commit_config = """
repos:
- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
rev: v4.5.0
hooks:
- id: trailing-whitespace
- id: end-of-file-fixer
- id: check-yaml
- repo: https://github.com/psf/black
rev: 23.11.0
hooks:
- id: black
"""
def list_hooks(c…How to Mock Poetry pyproject.toml Dependencies Sections in Python
Parse and extract dependency lists from Poetry-style pyproject.toml text using Python's standard library.
from pathlib import Path
import re
def parse_pyproject_dependencies(text):
"""Extract dependencies from a pyproject.toml style text."""
lines = text.splitlines()
sections = {
"dependencies": [],
"dev": [],
"optional": [],
}
current_section = None
patterns = {
…How to Parse Taskfile YAML in Python
Load a Taskfile.yaml with PyYAML and simulate task execution by returning each task's commands.
import yaml
from pathlib import Path
def load_taskfile(taskfile_path: str) -> dict:
"""Load and parse a Taskfile.yaml file into a dict."""
data = Path(taskfile_path).read_text()
return yaml.safe_load(data)
def run_task(taskfile: dict, task_name: str) -> dict:
"""Simulate running a task by returning i…How to Run Coverage Report and Generate HTML in Python
Use the coverage module to measure test coverage, save the report, and generate an HTML report in Python.
import coverage
import unittest
def add(a, b):
return a + b
class TestAdd(unittest.TestCase):
def test_add_positive(self):
self.assertEqual(add(2, 3), 5)
if __name__ == "__main__":
cov = coverage.Coverage(source=["__main__"])
cov.start()
suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFro…How to configure ruff linter rules in pyproject.toml with Python
This Python script generates a pyproject.toml file with ruff linter rules, including selected and ignored rules, per-file ignores, and complexity limits.
from pathlib import Path
def configure_ruff_rules(project_dir: str = "my_project") -> None:
"""Create a pyproject.toml with ruff linter rules for mock usage."""
pyproject_path = Path(project_dir) / "pyproject.toml"
pyproject_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
config = """[tool.ruff]
line-…How to Implement Content Negotiation with JSON and XML in Python
Build an HTTP server that returns JSON or XML responses based on the client's Accept header, with a 406 response for unsupported formats.
import json
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
data = {"message": "Hello, world!"}
accept_header = self.headers.get("Accept", "")
if "application/json" in accept_hea…How to Shuffle Items by Group in Python
Randomly shuffle items within each group while keeping groups contiguous, using a seed for reproducible results.
import random
def shuffle_sort_groups(items, group_key, seed=None):
"""Randomize order within groups, keeping groups contiguous."""
rng = random.Random(seed)
groups = {}
for item in items:
key = group_key(item)
groups.setdefault(key, []).append(item)
result = []
for k…Build a Data Helper Class in Python for ML Pipelines
A beginner-friendly Python class that summarizes, filters, and exports ML dataset rows as JSON.
from typing import List, Dict, Any
import json
class DataHelper:
"""Beginner-friendly helpers for ML data pipelines."""
def __init__(self, data: List[Dict[str, Any]]):
self.data = data
self.keys = list(data[0].keys()) if data else []
def summary(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"…Champion Challenger Deployment Mock in Python
Simulates an A/B champion-challenger ML deployment workflow — comparing two mock model accuracies and deciding which to promote to production.
import random
import time
class ModelMocker:
def __init__(self, name="Model", accuracy=0.85):
self.name = name
self.accuracy = accuracy
def predict(self, data):
"""Simulate prediction with some randomness."""
time.sleep(0.005) # simulate compute time
return 1 if rando…Compare Model A vs Model B Metrics in Python
A script that simulates and compares metrics between two ML models, showing a formatted diff table for quick insight.
import random
def compare_a_b(samples=5):
"""Mock comparison of model A vs model B predictions."""
metrics = ["accuracy", "precision", "recall", "f1"]
print(f"{'Metric':<12}{'Model A':>10}{'Model B':>10}{'Diff':>10}")
print("-" * 42)
random.seed(42)
for metric in metrics:
a = round(r…Detect Concept Drift in Python with a Simple Statistical Test
Detect concept drift by comparing the mean of recent data against a reference distribution using a z-score-like threshold.
import random
import statistics
def detect_drift(recent, reference, threshold=1.5):
ref_mean = statistics.mean(reference)
ref_std = statistics.stdev(reference)
recent_mean = statistics.mean(recent)
drift_score = abs(recent_mean - ref_mean) / (ref_std if ref_std > 0 else 1)
drifted = drif…Grid Search Hyperparameters in Python
Perform exhaustive grid search over hyperparameter combinations using itertools.product and a scoring function.
import itertools
def grid_search(param_grid, score_fn):
"""Perform exhaustive grid search over hyperparameter combinations."""
keys = param_grid.keys()
names = list(keys)
values = [param_grid[name] for name in names]
results = []
for combination in itertools.product(*values):
params =…How to Build a Data Validation Schema in Python
Create a lightweight validation schema using dataclasses and lambda validators to check fields in a dictionary.
import re
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any, Callable
@dataclass
class Field:
name: str
validator: Callable[[Any], bool]
required: bool = True
def validate(self, value: Any) -> bool:
if not self.required and value is None:
return True
return …Browse by section
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