Algorithms & data structures
Classic patterns — search, sort, stacks, queues, and practical complexity-aware code.
Segregate Negative Numbers Before Positives in Python
Reorders a list so all negative numbers appear before non-negative numbers while preserving the original relative order of elements.
def segregate_negatives(numbers):
"""Segregate negatives before positives without altering relative order."""
negatives = [n for n in numbers if n < 0]
positives = [n for n in numbers if n >= 0]
return negatives + positives
if __name__ == "__main__":
sample = [3, -1, 4, -5, 2, -9, 0]
result =…
Set Matrix Zeroes in Python: Markers List Grid Demo
Given a matrix, this code finds all rows and columns that contain a zero and sets every element in those rows and columns to zero, using boolean marker arrays.
def set_zeroes(matrix):
rows, cols = len(matrix), len(matrix[0])
row_markers = [False] * rows
col_markers = [False] * cols
# First pass: record which rows and columns contain zeros
for i in range(rows):
for j in range(cols):
if matrix[i][j] == 0:
row_markers[i] …
Sort Unique Values by Frequency in Python
Count element frequencies with Counter and sort unique values by descending frequency, breaking ties alphabetically.
from collections import Counter
def sort_unique_by_frequency(values):
counts = Counter(values)
return sorted(counts.keys(), key=lambda x: (-counts[x], x))
if __name__ == "__main__":
data = [4, 2, 2, 8, 3, 3, 1, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1]
result = sort_unique_by_frequency(data)
print(f"Sorted unique values…
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Algorithms & data structures — Python code examples
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