How to Validate JSON Schema Shape in Python

import json
from typing import Any, Dict

def validate_person_schema(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
    """Validate a person object against expected schema shape."""
    if not isinstance(data, dict):
        return False
    
    # Required fields check
    required_fields = {"name", "age", "email"}
    if not required_fields.issubset(data.keys()):
        return False
    
    # Type checks
    if not isinstance(data["name"], str):
        return False
    if not isinstance(data["age"], int) or data["age"] < 0:
        return False
    if not isinstance(data["email"], str) or "@" not in data["email"]:
        return False
    
    # Optional fields check
    if "address" in data and not isinstance(data["address"], dict):
        return False
    if "hobbies" in data and not isinstance(data["hobbies"], list):
        return False
    
    return True

if __name__ == "__main__":
    valid_person = {
        "name": "Alice",
        "age": 30,
        "email": "alice@example.com",
        "hobbies": ["reading", "hiking"]
    }
    invalid_person = {
        "name": "Bob",
        "age": -5,
        "email": "bob-at-example.com"
    }
    
    print(f"Valid person: {validate_person_schema(valid_person)}")
    print(f"Invalid person: {validate_person_schema(invalid_person)}")