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How to Convert and Process Text in Python
This code cleans, converts, splits, joins, counts, replaces, reverses, and finds substrings in a text string using Python's standard string methods.
text = " hello world, python is fun! "
# Clean up whitespace
cleaned = text.strip()
# Convert to title case
titled = cleaned.title()
# Split into words
words = cleaned.split()
# Join with hyphens
hyphenated = "-".join(words)
# Count occurrences of a letter
letter_count = cleaned.count("o")
# Replace a word
rep…How to Sort Text in Python with a Simple Helper Function
A compact helper function that sorts a list of strings or splits a string into words and sorts them alphabetically, with optional reverse ordering.
def sort_text(data, reverse=False):
"""
Sort a list of strings (or a single string split into words) alphabetically.
"""
if isinstance(data, str):
words = data.split()
else:
words = [str(item) for item in data]
return sorted(words, reverse=reverse)
if __name__ == "__main__":
…Python String Helper Functions for Beginners
A set of beginner-friendly Python functions that count words, reverse text, convert to title case, strip punctuation, and compute character frequency from a string.
def count_words(text):
"""Count the number of words in a string."""
return len(text.split())
def reverse_text(text):
"""Reverse the entire string."""
return text[::-1]
def title_case(text):
"""Capitalize the first letter of each word."""
return text.title()
def remove_punctuation(text):
…Reverse Words in a Sentence While Keeping Punctuation in Python
Reverses the order of words in a sentence while leaving punctuation and spaces in their original positions using Python's re module.
def reverse_words_preserving_punctuation(sentence: str) -> str:
import re
# Split into words and punctuation tokens
tokens = re.findall(r'\w+|[^\w\s]|\s+', sentence)
words = [t for t in tokens if re.fullmatch(r'\w+', t)]
words.reverse()
result_parts = []
word_index = 0
for token in toke…String helpers in Python: stats, reverse, and remove vowels
Three beginner-friendly Python functions compute text statistics, reverse word order, and strip vowels from a string.
def text_stats(text: str) -> dict:
"""Return basic statistics for a given text string."""
words = text.split()
return {
"characters": len(text),
"words": len(words),
"sentences": text.count(".") + text.count("!") + text.count("?"),
"uppercase": sum(1 for c in text if c.isupp…How to Reverse a List in Place Without Using reverse() in Python
A two-pointer while loop swaps elements from both ends toward the center to reverse a list in place without creating a copy.
def reverse_list_in_place(lst):
left = 0
right = len(lst) - 1
while left < right:
lst[left], lst[right] = lst[right], lst[left]
left += 1
right -= 1
if __name__ == "__main__":
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print("Original:", my_list)
reverse_list_in_place(my_list)
prin…How to Invert a Dictionary in Python Safely
Swap dictionary keys and values while detecting duplicate values to prevent silent data loss.
def invert_dict_safely(d):
inverted = {}
for key, value in d.items():
if value not in inverted:
inverted[value] = key
else:
raise ValueError(f"Duplicate value '{value}' would cause data loss")
return inverted
if __name__ == "__main__":
sample = {"a": 1, "b": 2,…Find the Last Index Where a Condition Is True in Python
This code scans a sequence from the end and returns the index of the last element that satisfies a given condition, or -1 if none do.
def last_index_where(sequence, condition):
"""Return the index of the last element in sequence that satisfies condition."""
for i in range(len(sequence) - 1, -1, -1):
if condition(sequence[i]):
return i
return -1
if __name__ == "__main__":
numbers = [1, 4, 7, 2, 9, 5, 8, 3]
is_…How to Sort Command-Line Arguments in Python
Build a beginner-friendly argparse CLI that sorts numbers or words passed as arguments, with an optional reverse flag.
import argparse
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Sort numbers or words from the command line.")
parser.add_argument("items", nargs="+", help="Items to sort (numbers or words)")
parser.add_argument("--reverse", "-r", action="store_true", help="Sort in descending order")
args =…Browse by section
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Guide: free Python code samples library
Copy-ready Python snippets for learners and developers
PythonSkillset code samples are short, focused examples organised by topic and difficulty. Every snippet is server-rendered HTML — readable by search engines and easy to copy. Open any sample, read the notes, copy the code, then press Try in editor to run it in the browser with Pyodide.
How to use this library
- Pick a topic section — strings, lists, files, functions, and more
- Open a sample, read How it works, and copy the code block
- Run it in the IDE, tweak values, then take a related quiz or tutorial lesson
Samples vs tutorials and challenges
Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.