Python Code
Samples
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How to Perform a DNS Lookup for A Records in Python
Resolve a hostname to IPv4 A records using Python's built-in socket.getaddrinfo and return a sorted list of addresses.
import socket
def get_a_records(hostname):
"""Fetch A records (IPv4 addresses) for a given hostname."""
try:
# getaddrinfo with family AF_INET restricts to IPv4 (A records)
infos = socket.getaddrinfo(hostname, None, socket.AF_INET)
# Each info tuple: (family, type, proto, canonname, so…Port Scan Localhost Common Ports in Python
Scan common localhost ports (HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, FTP, and more) with a fast socket-based Python script that prints an open/closed status table.
import socket
from datetime import datetime
COMMON_PORTS = {
80: "HTTP",
443: "HTTPS",
22: "SSH",
21: "FTP",
25: "SMTP",
3306: "MySQL",
5432: "PostgreSQL"
}
def scan_port(port):
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.settimeout(0.1)
try:
resu…How to Build a WebSocket Echo Server in Python with asyncio
Create a simple WebSocket echo server using the websockets library and asyncio to handle concurrent connections.
import asyncio
import websockets
async def echo(websocket):
async for message in websocket:
await websocket.send(f"Echo: {message}")
async def main():
async with websockets.serve(echo, "localhost", 8765):
print("WebSocket server started on ws://localhost:8765")
await asyncio.Future() …How to Mock a Socket Stream in Python
Simulate a streaming socket source with a generator to test stream-read and buffering logic without a real network.
import socket
import threading
import time
def mock_socket_stream(data_chunks, delay=0.1):
"""Generator that simulates a streaming socket source."""
for chunk in data_chunks:
time.sleep(delay)
yield chunk
def read_stream_socket(stream_gen):
"""Reads from mock stream and prints received ch…How to Check Negotiated Cipher Suite in Python
Connect to a TLS server with Python's ssl module and print the negotiated protocol version and cipher suite details.
import ssl
import socket
def get_cipher_suites(hostname, port=443):
context = ssl.create_default_context()
context.set_ciphers("DEFAULT:@SECLEVEL=2")
with socket.create_connection((hostname, port), timeout=5) as sock:
with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=hostname) as ssock:
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Samples vs tutorials and challenges
Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.