Python Code
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Create a Local File Versioning System Using Pure Python
Track file changes locally by copying versions with SHA-256 hashes and JSON metadata using only the Python standard library.
import os
import shutil
import hashlib
import json
import time
from pathlib import Path
class LocalFileVersioning:
def __init__(self, target_dir="versioned_files", versions_dir="versions"):
self.target_dir = Path(target_dir)
self.versions_dir = Path(versions_dir)
self.metadata_file = self.…Find Duplicate Web Pages by Content Similarity in Python
Compute SHA-256 hashes of file contents to detect and report duplicate HTML pages or any files in a directory.
import hashlib
import os
from collections import defaultdict
def get_file_hash(filepath):
"""Compute SHA-256 hash of file contents."""
sha256 = hashlib.sha256()
with open(filepath, 'rb') as f:
for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(4096), b''):
sha256.update(chunk)
return sha256.hexdiges…Find and Delete Duplicate Files Using Hashing in Python
Walk a directory tree, compute SHA256 hashes for every file, and delete duplicates that share the same hash.
import hashlib
import os
from pathlib import Path
def file_hash(path, block_size=65536):
"""Return SHA256 hash of file content."""
hasher = hashlib.sha256()
with open(path, 'rb') as f:
while chunk := f.read(block_size):
hasher.update(chunk)
return hasher.hexdigest()
def find_and_d…Inbox pattern consumer dedupe mock in Python
Implements a mock inbox consumer that deduplicates incoming messages by ID, with automatic eviction of old seen IDs to prevent unbounded memory growth.
import json
from collections import deque
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from hashlib import sha256
from typing import Any
@dataclass
class InboxConsumer:
max_seen: int = 1000
seen_ids: set = field(default_factory=set)
seen_history: deque = field(default_factory=deque)
def _mark_seen(self,…How to Hash Passwords and Authenticate Users in Python
A beginner-friendly dataclass-based design that hashes passwords with PBKDF2 and verifies them securely using constant-time comparisons.
import hashlib
import hmac
import secrets
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional
@dataclass
class User:
id: int
username: str
password_hash: str
salt: str
def hash_password(password: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
salt = secrets.token_hex(16)
password_hash = hashlib.pbkdf2_…Browse by section
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Guide: free Python code samples library
Copy-ready Python snippets for learners and developers
PythonSkillset code samples are short, focused examples organised by topic and difficulty. Every snippet is server-rendered HTML — readable by search engines and easy to copy. Open any sample, read the notes, copy the code, then press Try in editor to run it in the browser with Pyodide.
How to use this library
- Pick a topic section — strings, lists, files, functions, and more
- Open a sample, read How it works, and copy the code block
- Run it in the IDE, tweak values, then take a related quiz or tutorial lesson
Samples vs tutorials and challenges
Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.