Python Code
Samples
Medium snippets you can copy, study, and run in the browser editor.
How to Automatically Merge Hundreds of Excel Files Without Losing Formatting in Python
Merge all .xlsx files in a folder into a single Excel workbook, preserving individual sheet structures with sheet name prefixes.
import pandas as pd
from pathlib import Path
def merge_excel_files(folder_path: str, output_path: str) -> None:
"""
Merge all .xlsx files in a folder into a single Excel file,
preserving individual sheet structures.
"""
folder = Path(folder_path)
excel_files = list(folder.glob("*.xlsx"))
…Product of All Elements Except Self in Python
Given a list of integers, return a list where each element is the product of all other elements except itself, using prefix and suffix products in O(n) time and O(1) extra space.
def product_except_self(nums):
n = len(nums)
result = [1] * n
left_product = 1
for i in range(n):
result[i] = left_product
left_product *= nums[i]
right_product = 1
for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):
result[i] *= right_product
right_product *= nums[i]
…Product of Array Except Self in Python Without Division
Compute the product of all array elements except the current one in O(n) time using prefix and suffix products, without using division.
from math import prod
def product_except_self(nums):
n = len(nums)
result = [1] * n
left_product = 1
for i in range(n):
result[i] = left_product
left_product *= nums[i]
right_product = 1
for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):
result[i] *= right_product
right_product *…How to Generate Release Notes from Git Commit Messages in Python
This script fetches recent Git commit messages using conventional commit prefixes (feat, fix, etc.), categorizes them, and prints formatted release notes with today's date.
import subprocess
import re
from datetime import datetime
def get_git_log(since_tag="HEAD~10", format_str="%s"):
"""Retrieve commit messages from git log."""
try:
result = subprocess.run(
["git", "log", f"--since={since_tag}", f"--format={format_str}"],
capture_output=True,
…Composite index leftmost prefix in Python
Simulate a composite index in SQLite and check whether query columns match the leftmost prefix rule for index usage.
import sqlite3
def get_indexed_columns(table_name):
"""Simulate a composite index by reading column names that start with 'idx_'."""
conn = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
conn.execute(f"CREATE TABLE {table_name} (id INTEGER, idx_col1 TEXT, idx_col2 INTEGER, other TEXT)")
conn.execute(f"CREATE INDEX idx_…Browse by section
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Guide: free Python code samples library
Copy-ready Python snippets for learners and developers
PythonSkillset code samples are short, focused examples organised by topic and difficulty. Every snippet is server-rendered HTML — readable by search engines and easy to copy. Open any sample, read the notes, copy the code, then press Try in editor to run it in the browser with Pyodide.
How to use this library
- Pick a topic section — strings, lists, files, functions, and more
- Open a sample, read How it works, and copy the code block
- Run it in the IDE, tweak values, then take a related quiz or tutorial lesson
Samples vs tutorials and challenges
Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.