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How to Compose Two Functions into a Single Callable in Python
Combine two Python functions into a single callable using a compose helper, then apply the chained call.
def add_one(x):
return x + 1
def double(x):
return x * 2
def compose(f, g):
return lambda x: f(g(x))
add_then_double = compose(double, add_one)
double_then_add = compose(add_one, double)
result1 = add_then_double(5)
result2 = double_then_add(5)
print(f"add_one then double(5) = {result1}")
print(f"doub…Pipeline stage compose functions left to right in Python
Compose multiple functions into a left-to-right pipeline so each stage receives the output of the previous one.
def compose(*funcs):
"""Compose functions left to right: compose(f, g, h)(x) == h(g(f(x)))"""
def composed(arg):
result = arg
for func in funcs:
result = func(result)
return result
return composed
if __name__ == "__main__":
def add_one(x):
return x + 1
…How to Mock docker compose up Healthcheck in Python
Simulate docker compose up with a healthcheck cycle using Python loops, delays, and simulated service statuses.
import subprocess
import time
def run_healthcheck():
"""Mock a docker compose up with a healthcheck cycle."""
services = ["web", "db", "cache"]
print("Starting docker compose services...")
for service in services:
print(f"[{service}] starting...")
time.sleep(0.1)
print(f"[…How to Run an Integration Test with Docker Compose Mock in Python
Run a Python integration test against a docker-compose environment, using mocks to simulate service health and business logic responses.
import subprocess
import json
from typing import Dict
def run_integration_test() -> Dict[str, str]:
"""
Simulates an integration test against a docker-compose environment
using a mock service that returns canned responses.
"""
# Mock docker-compose environment check
env_ready = subprocess.run(…How to Compose Parallel API Calls in Python with asyncio.gather
Compose multiple mock API responses in parallel using asyncio.gather with per-service simulated latency.
import asyncio
import random
import time
async def mock_api(name: str, delay: float) -> dict:
await asyncio.sleep(delay)
return {"service": name, "value": random.randint(1, 100)}
async def fetch_all():
services = {
"users": mock_api("users", 0.2),
"orders": mock_api("orders", 0.3),
…Generate a docker-compose.yml with mock services in Python
Build a docker-compose.yml string from a Python dict of service names and images, then write it to a file.
import yaml
from pathlib import Path
def generate_mock_compose(services: dict) -> str:
compose = {
"version": "3.9",
"services": {}
}
for name, image in services.items():
compose["services"][name] = {
"image": image,
"container_name": f"mock-{name}",
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Guide: free Python code samples library
Copy-ready Python snippets for learners and developers
PythonSkillset code samples are short, focused examples organised by topic and difficulty. Every snippet is server-rendered HTML — readable by search engines and easy to copy. Open any sample, read the notes, copy the code, then press Try in editor to run it in the browser with Pyodide.
How to use this library
- Pick a topic section — strings, lists, files, functions, and more
- Open a sample, read How it works, and copy the code block
- Run it in the IDE, tweak values, then take a related quiz or tutorial lesson
Samples vs tutorials and challenges
Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.