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Samples
Copy-ready Python snippets by topic and difficulty — short, focused, and runnable in the browser editor.
How to Check and Manipulate Strings in Python
Demonstrates core string inspection and transformation methods like case conversion, trimming, splitting, and membership checks on a sample string.
text = " Hello, Python Learners! "
print(f"Original: '{text}'")
print(f"Lowercase: '{text.lower()}'")
print(f"Uppercase: '{text.upper()}'")
print(f"Title case: '{text.title()}'")
print(f"Stripped: '{text.strip()}'")
print(f"Length: {len(text)}")
print(f"Replace: '{text.replace('Python', 'Programming')}'")
print(f"S…How to Detect if a String Contains Only ASCII in Python
This code defines a function that checks whether every character in a given string is an ASCII character (Unicode code point < 128) and demonstrates it with multiple test cases.
def is_ascii_only(text: str) -> bool:
"""Return True if all characters in text are ASCII, False otherwise."""
return all(ord(char) < 128 for char in text)
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Test cases
samples = [
"Hello, world!",
"Café au lait",
"日本語テキスト",
"ASCII only 123",
…How to Encode and Decode UTF-8 in Python
Convert a Python string to UTF-8 bytes with .encode() and back to text with .decode(), with a simple demo function.
def encode_decode_demo(text: str):
encoded = text.encode("utf-8")
decoded = encoded.decode("utf-8")
print(f"Original string: {text}")
print(f"Encoded bytes: {encoded}")
print(f"Decoded string: {decoded}")
print(f"Match: {text == decoded}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
encode_decode_demo("Hel…How to Escape HTML in Python
This code demonstrates how to use Python's `html.escape` function to safely encode user input for display in HTML, preventing XSS attacks.
import html
def escape_user_input(user_input: str) -> str:
"""Escape HTML-sensitive characters for safe display."""
return html.escape(user_input)
if __name__ == "__main__":
sample_user_input = '<script>alert("XSS")</script> & \'quotes\''
safe_output = escape_user_input(sample_user_input)
print("…How to Format Text in Python (Beginner's Guide)
This beginner-friendly Python script demonstrates text formatting basics: stripping whitespace, converting to title case, replacing substrings, splitting into words, and generating a snippet.
text = " hello world, welcome to python skillset! "
cleaned = text.strip()
title_cased = cleaned.title()
replaced = title_cased.replace("Python", "PYTHON")
words = replaced.split()
word_count = len(words)
first_three = " ".join(words[:3])
snippet = first_three + "..."
print("Original:", repr(text))
print("Stripped:"…How to Strip Whitespace in Python
This code demonstrates how to remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string using the built-in strip() method.
def strip_whitespace(text: str) -> str:
return text.strip()
if __name__ == "__main__":
sample = " Hello, world! "
result = strip_whitespace(sample)
print(f"Original: '{sample}'")
print(f"Stripped: '{result}'")Python String isalpha() Method: Check if String is Alphabetic
This code defines a function that uses Python's str.isalpha() method to determine if a string contains only alphabetic characters, with a demonstration on several test strings.
def is_alphabetic(s):
return s.isalpha()
if __name__ == "__main__":
test_strings = ["Hello", "Hello123", "World!", "Python", ""]
for s in test_strings:
print(f"{s!r}: {is_alphabetic(s)}")Text Processor Functions for Beginners in Python
Demonstrates simple text-processing utilities: word counting, word reversal, whitespace normalization, and lowercase conversion using basic string methods.
def count_words(text):
"""Return the number of words in a string."""
return len(text.split())
def reverse_words(text):
"""Return the text with words in reverse order."""
return ' '.join(text.split()[::-1])
def remove_extra_spaces(text):
"""Return text with extra whitespace collapsed to a single s…How to Find the Maximum Value in a Python List
This code defines a function that finds the largest number in a list by iterating through it, returning None for an empty list, and demonstrates it on a sample list.
def find_max(numbers):
if not numbers:
return None
max_value = numbers[0]
for num in numbers[1:]:
if num > max_value:
max_value = num
return max_value
if __name__ == "__main__":
sample_list = [3, 7, 2, 9, 1, 9]
result = find_max(sample_list)
print(f"Maximum valu…How to Sort a List in Python in Ascending and Descending Order
This code demonstrates three ways to sort a list in Python: returning a new sorted list with sorted(), reversing the sort order, and sorting a list in place with the list.sort() method.
def get_sorted_data(numbers):
"""Return a new list sorted in ascending order."""
return sorted(numbers)
def reverse_sort(data):
"""Return a new list sorted in descending order."""
return sorted(data, reverse=True)
def sort_in_place(data):
"""Sort the given list in place (modifies original)."""
…How to Create Functions with Default Parameters in Python
This code defines two Python functions using default parameters to handle missing arguments gracefully, demonstrating how to work with optional inputs and keyword arguments.
def greet(name="Guest", greeting="Hello", punctuation="!"):
"""Generate a greeting message using default parameters."""
return f"{greeting}, {name}{punctuation}"
def create_profile(username="anonymous", age=0, city="Unknown", active=True):
"""Create a user profile dictionary with default values."""
r…How to Define a Function with Default Parameter Values in Python
This code demonstrates defining a Python function with default parameter values, showing how to call it with zero, one, or two arguments.
def greet(name: str = "World", punctuation: str = "!") -> str:
"""Return a greeting message using default parameter values."""
message = f"Hello, {name}{punctuation}"
return message
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Call with no arguments – uses both defaults
print(greet())
# Call with one argume…How to Merge Lists in Python with Default Parameters
This Python function merges two lists using the + operator and demonstrates default parameters, allowing the second argument to be omitted.
def merge_lists(list1, list2=["default"]):
"""Merge two lists and return the combined result."""
return list1 + list2
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Example with default parameter
print("With default:", merge_lists([1, 2, 3]))
# Example with both arguments provided
print("With custom:", me…How to Return Multiple Values from a Python Function
This code demonstrates how a Python function can return multiple values as a tuple, and how to unpack that tuple into individual variables.
def get_user_stats(name, score, level):
"""Return multiple values as a tuple."""
return name, score, level
if __name__ == "__main__":
result = get_user_stats("Alice", 95, 3)
print(result)
print(type(result))
# Unpacking into individual variables
player_name, player_score, player_level…How to Use Default Parameter Values in Python Functions
This code demonstrates how to define a Python function with default parameters and call it with varying numbers of arguments to see the defaults applied.
def greet(name, greeting="Hello", punctuation="!"):
message = f"{greeting}, {name}{punctuation}"
print(message)
if __name__ == "__main__":
greet("Alice")
greet("Bob", "Hi")
greet("Charlie", "Hey", "?")How to Use singledispatch for Type-Based Overloading in Python
This code demonstrates Python's functools.singledispatch decorator to create functions that behave differently based on the type of their first argument.
from functools import singledispatch
@singledispatch
def process(value):
return f"Unknown type: {type(value).__name__}"
@process.register(int)
def _(value):
return f"Integer: {value * 2}"
@process.register(str)
def _(value):
return f"String: {value.upper()}"
@process.register(list)
def _(value):
re…Mutual Recursion for Even/Odd Check in Python
Implements even and odd checks using two functions that call each other recursively, demonstrating base cases and alternating calls.
def is_even(n):
if n == 0:
return True
return is_odd(n - 1)
def is_odd(n):
if n == 0:
return False
return is_even(n - 1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
for num in range(0, 11):
print(f"{num}: even={is_even(num)}, odd={is_odd(num)}")Handle ValueError and ZeroDivisionError in Python with try except
Learn how to catch ValueError and ZeroDivisionError in Python with a practical safe_divide function and demonstrate error handling for invalid conversions.
def safe_divide(numerator, denominator):
try:
result = numerator / denominator
except ValueError as e:
print(f"ValueError caught: {e}")
return None
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
return None
return result
# Test cases
print(safe_divide…How to Configure Python Logging with File Rotation
A complete demo that sets up a logger with a rotating file handler, writes several log entries, and shows the contents of the current log file.
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
logger = logging.getLogger("rotating_logger")
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
file_handler = RotatingFileHandler(
"app.log",
maxBytes=100,
backupCount=3
)
file_handler.setFormatter(
logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(messa…How to Handle ValueError and Multiple Exceptions in Python
This code demonstrates try/except blocks for beginners, handling ZeroDivisionError, TypeError, and ValueError with two practical functions: dividing numbers and parsing strings to floats.
def divide_numbers(a, b):
"""Divide two numbers with error handling for beginners."""
try:
result = a / b
print(f"{a} / {b} = {result}")
return result
except ZeroDivisionError:
print(f"Error: Cannot divide {a} by zero!")
except TypeError:
print(f"Error: Both argu…How to Use try except else finally in Python
Demonstrates the correct order of try/except/else/finally blocks in Python with a safe division function.
def safe_divide(numerator, denominator):
try:
result = numerator / denominator
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Error: Cannot divide by zero!")
except TypeError:
print("Error: Both arguments must be numbers!")
else:
print(f"Division successful: {numerator} / {denominator…Implement circuit breaker open after failures demo in Python
A minimal CircuitBreaker class that calls a function and automatically 'opens' after a set number of consecutive failures, blocking further calls with a RuntimeError.
import time
from datetime import datetime
class CircuitBreaker:
def __init__(self, threshold=3):
self.threshold = threshold
self.failure_count = 0
self.is_open = False
def call(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
if self.is_open:
raise RuntimeError("Circuit is OPEN")
…Split try except ValueError handler for beginners in Python
Demonstrates how to handle ValueError and ZeroDivisionError separately using try/except blocks, with beginner-friendly examples for parsing and division.
def parse_number(text):
try:
number = int(text)
return f"Parsed successfully: {number}"
except ValueError as error:
return f"Conversion failed: {error}"
def divide_numbers(dividend, divisor):
try:
result = dividend / divisor
return f"Division result: {result}"
e…How to Find HTML Elements by Tag, Class, ID, CSS Selector, and Attribute in BeautifulSoup
Parse an HTML string with BeautifulSoup and demonstrate five distinct ways to locate elements: by tag name, by class, by ID, by CSS selector, and by attribute.
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_content = """
<html><body>
<h1 id="title" class="heading">Hello World</h1>
<p class="content">First paragraph</p>
<p class="content special">Second paragraph</p>
<a href="https://example.com" class="link">Click here</a>
<div id="footer">
<p>© 2024</p>
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Copy-ready Python snippets for learners and developers
PythonSkillset code samples are short, focused examples organised by topic and difficulty. Every snippet is server-rendered HTML — readable by search engines and easy to copy. Open any sample, read the notes, copy the code, then press Try in editor to run it in the browser with Pyodide.
How to use this library
- Pick a topic section — strings, lists, files, functions, and more
- Open a sample, read How it works, and copy the code block
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Samples vs tutorials and challenges
Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.