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Approximate Distinct Count in Python with HyperLogLog

Mock a large data stream and estimate the number of distinct items with a HyperLogLog-style probabilistic counter to save memory.

hyperloglog distinct-count probabilistic

Python

import random
import string
from collections import Counter
import math

class ApproxCountDistinct:
    def __init__(self, num_buckets=16):
        self.num_buckets = num_buckets
        self.max_zeros = [0] * num_buckets
        
    def _hash(self, item):
        # Simple string hash to a 32-bit integer
        h = …

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