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Copy-ready Python snippets by topic and difficulty — short, focused, and runnable in the browser editor.
Generate a Monthly Calendar PDF in Python
Create a Python utility that generates a monthly calendar PDF using ReportLab, with weekday headers and day numbers laid out in a grid.
from calendar import TextCalendar
from datetime import datetime
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas
import os
def generate_monthly_calendar_pdf(year, month, filename="calendar.pdf"):
cal = TextCalendar()
days = cal.monthdays2calendar(year, month)
month_name …Game of Life Next State Grid in Python
Compute the next generation of Conway's Game of Life from a 2D grid using the standard three rules with neighbor counting.
def next_state(grid):
m, n = len(grid), len(grid[0])
new = [[0] * n for _ in range(m)]
for r in range(m):
for c in range(n):
total = 0
for dr in (-1, 0, 1):
for dc in (-1, 0, 1):
if dr == 0 and dc == 0:
continue
…How to Build a Coordinate Grid with Nested Loops in Python
Generate a 2D list of (row, col) coordinate pairs using nested loops and return the grid structure.
def build_coordinate_grid(rows, cols):
"""Build a 2D grid of (row, col) coordinates using nested loops."""
grid = []
for r in range(rows):
row = []
for c in range(cols):
row.append((r, c))
grid.append(row)
return grid
if __name__ == "__main__":
grid = build_coo…Set Matrix Zeroes in Python: Markers List Grid Demo
Given a matrix, this code finds all rows and columns that contain a zero and sets every element in those rows and columns to zero, using boolean marker arrays.
def set_zeroes(matrix):
rows, cols = len(matrix), len(matrix[0])
row_markers = [False] * rows
col_markers = [False] * cols
# First pass: record which rows and columns contain zeros
for i in range(rows):
for j in range(cols):
if matrix[i][j] == 0:
row_markers[i] …Grid Search Hyperparameters in Python
Perform exhaustive grid search over hyperparameter combinations using itertools.product and a scoring function.
import itertools
def grid_search(param_grid, score_fn):
"""Perform exhaustive grid search over hyperparameter combinations."""
keys = param_grid.keys()
names = list(keys)
values = [param_grid[name] for name in names]
results = []
for combination in itertools.product(*values):
params =…How to Do Random Search for Hyperparameter Tuning in Python
A mock random search that samples hyperparameter combinations from a grid and ranks them by a dummy score, with a reproducible seed.
import random
# Mock random search over a small hyperparameter grid
param_grid = {
"learning_rate": [0.001, 0.01, 0.1],
"batch_size": [16, 32, 64],
"num_layers": [1, 2, 3]
}
def random_search(grid, n_iter=5, seed=42):
"""Perform random search over a hyperparameter grid."""
random.seed(seed)
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