API design & gRPC
REST best practices, protobuf, API versioning, and backward-compatible service contracts.
How to Mock OAuth2 Bearer Token Auth Middleware in Python
Create a simple OAuth2 bearer token authentication middleware that verifies signed tokens and enforces scope-based access control.
import hmac
import time
import base64
import json
from functools import wraps
VALID_TOKENS = {"test_token_123": {"user": "alice", "scope": "read:posts"}}
def generate_token(username: str) -> str:
payload = {"user": username, "iat": int(time.time())}
encoded = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(json.dumps(payload).enc…Verify Webhook HMAC Signatures in Python
Create and verify HMAC-SHA256 signatures for webhook payloads using Python's hmac module, protecting against tampering.
import hashlib
import hmac
import json
SECRET = b"super-secret-webhook-key"
def create_signature(payload: bytes) -> str:
return hmac.new(SECRET, payload, hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()
def verify_signature(payload: bytes, signature: str) -> bool:
expected = create_signature(payload)
return hmac.compare_dig…Browse by section
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API design & gRPC — Python code examples
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