API design & gRPC
REST best practices, protobuf, API versioning, and backward-compatible service contracts.
How to Handle Retry-After Header in Python
Parse the Retry-After header from rate-limited API responses and implement retry logic with proper delays in Python.
```python
import time
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
class RetryAfterHandler:
def __init__(self, max_retries=3):
self.max_retries = max_retries
def get_retry_after_seconds(self, response_headers):
retry_after_value = response_headers.get("Retry-After")
if retry_after_value …How to Implement Pagination with Offset and Limit in Python
A mock API pagination pattern that parses page and per_page query parameters, computes offset and limit, and slices a list of items for a specific page.
def paginate(items, page, per_page):
offset = (page - 1) * per_page
return items[offset:offset + per_page]
def parse_query_params(query_string):
params = {}
if query_string:
for pair in query_string.split("&"):
key, value = pair.split("=")
params[key] = value
page …How to Mock X-RateLimit Headers in Python
This code creates a local HTTP server that mimics rate limit headers (X-RateLimit-Limit, Remaining, Reset, Update) and returns 429 responses when the limit is exceeded.
import time
import threading
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
class RateLimitHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
RATE_LIMIT = 5 # max requests allowed
WINDOW_SECONDS = 60 # per time window
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
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API design & gRPC — Python code examples
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