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Auth & security at scale

OAuth2, JWT, IAM patterns, secrets rotation, and least-privilege service auth.

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How to Mock Environment Variables in Python for 12-Factor Config

Read 12-factor config from env vars and test/mock them with unittest.mock.patch.dict without touching the real environment.

environment-variables 12-factor testing
Python 
import os
import json
from unittest.mock import patch

def load_config(env_prefix="APP"):
    """Read 12-factor style config from env vars"""
    required = ["DATABASE_URL", "API_KEY"]
    optional = {"PORT": "8080", "DEBUG": "false"}
    
    config = {}
    for key in required:
        full_key = f"{env_prefix}_{key…
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