Auth & security at scale
OAuth2, JWT, IAM patterns, secrets rotation, and least-privilege service auth.
Fetch Secrets from a Mock Secrets Manager in Python
Build a minimal in-memory secrets manager that stores and retrieves secret values, raising a KeyError for missing names.
import json
class SecretsManager:
"""Mock secrets manager that returns secrets from a local store."""
def __init__(self, store=None):
self.store = store or {
"api_key": "mock-api-key-123",
"db_password": "s3cret-p@ss",
"jwt_secret": "dev-only-secret"
}
…
How to Mock Environment Variables in Python for 12-Factor Config
Read 12-factor config from env vars and test/mock them with unittest.mock.patch.dict without touching the real environment.
import os
import json
from unittest.mock import patch
def load_config(env_prefix="APP"):
"""Read 12-factor style config from env vars"""
required = ["DATABASE_URL", "API_KEY"]
optional = {"PORT": "8080", "DEBUG": "false"}
config = {}
for key in required:
full_key = f"{env_prefix}_{key…
How to Mock HTTP Responses to Verify HSTS Headers in Python
This code demonstrates how to use unittest.mock to intercept and capture HTTP response headers, specifically the Strict-Transport-Security header, from a mocked HTTPServer handler for security validation.
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
from unittest.mock import patch
class StrictTransportMock(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Strict-Transport-Security", "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains")
self.end_headers()
…
How to redact secrets from log messages in Python
This code defines a logging.Filter subclass that automatically redacts sensitive keys like password, token, and API key from any dict logged.
import logging
from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class ApiResponse:
status: int
body: dict
class SecretRedactor(logging.Filter):
SENSITIVE_KEYS = {"password", "token", "secret", "api_key"}
def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
if isinstance(record.msg, dict):
…
Implement RSA OAEP Padding in Python
Implements OAEP-style padding with MGF1 using SHA-256 from the Python standard library for RSA encryption prep.
import os
import hashlib
def mgf1(seed, length, hash_func=hashlib.sha256):
"""MGF1 mask generation function."""
output = b""
counter = 0
while len(output) < length:
c = counter.to_bytes(4, "big")
output += hash_func(seed + c).digest()
counter += 1
return output[:length]
…
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Auth & security at scale — Python code examples
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