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Auth & security at scale

OAuth2, JWT, IAM patterns, secrets rotation, and least-privilege service auth.

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Auth & security at scale medium

How to Hash Passwords and Authenticate Users in Python

A beginner-friendly dataclass-based design that hashes passwords with PBKDF2 and verifies them securely using constant-time comparisons.

security password hashing pbkdf2
Python 
import hashlib
import hmac
import secrets
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional


@dataclass
class User:
    id: int
    username: str
    password_hash: str
    salt: str


def hash_password(password: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
    salt = secrets.token_hex(16)
    password_hash = hashlib.pbkdf2_…
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