Auth & security at scale
OAuth2, JWT, IAM patterns, secrets rotation, and least-privilege service auth.
Build a Mock OIDC Userinfo Endpoint in Python with Flask
Create a local mock OIDC userinfo endpoint in Flask that returns a standard JSON user payload, ideal for testing auth flows without a real identity provider.
from flask import Flask, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/userinfo")
def userinfo():
mock_user = {
"sub": "1234567890",
"name": "John Doe",
"email": "john@example.com",
"email_verified": True,
"groups": ["admin", "dev"]
}
return jsonify(mock_user)
if __n…
How to Check Negotiated Cipher Suite in Python
Connect to a TLS server with Python's ssl module and print the negotiated protocol version and cipher suite details.
import ssl
import socket
def get_cipher_suites(hostname, port=443):
context = ssl.create_default_context()
context.set_ciphers("DEFAULT:@SECLEVEL=2")
with socket.create_connection((hostname, port), timeout=5) as sock:
with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=hostname) as ssock:
…
How to Hash Passwords with bcrypt in Python
Hash a plaintext password with bcrypt using a randomly generated salt, then verify a plaintext attempt against the stored hash.
import bcrypt
def hash_password(password: str) -> str:
"""Hash a password using bcrypt with a generated salt."""
salt = bcrypt.gensalt()
return bcrypt.hashpw(password.encode("utf-8"), salt).decode("utf-8")
def check_password(password: str, hashed: str) -> bool:
"""Verify a plaintext password against …
How to Mock HTTP Responses to Verify HSTS Headers in Python
This code demonstrates how to use unittest.mock to intercept and capture HTTP response headers, specifically the Strict-Transport-Security header, from a mocked HTTPServer handler for security validation.
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
from unittest.mock import patch
class StrictTransportMock(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Strict-Transport-Security", "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains")
self.end_headers()
…
How to Mock an mTLS Client Certificate in Python
Create a self-signed client certificate and key with OpenSSL, load them into an SSL context, and simulate an mTLS handshake in Python for testing.
import ssl
import socket
import subprocess
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
def create_mock_certificates():
"""Generate self-signed client certificate and key for mTLS testing."""
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
cert_path = Path(tmpdir) / "client.crt"
key_path = Path(tmpd…
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Auth & security at scale — Python code examples
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