Auth & security at scale
OAuth2, JWT, IAM patterns, secrets rotation, and least-privilege service auth.
ACME LetsEncrypt Mock Challenge Server in Python
A minimal HTTP server that serves key authorizations for ACME/Let's Encrypt DNS-01 or HTTP-01 challenges during testing and validation.
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import json
# In-memory store simulating the ACME challenge token -> key authorization pair
challenge_store = {
"token_example": "token_example.key_authorization"
}
class AcmeChallengeHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
# Extra…How to Check Negotiated Cipher Suite in Python
Connect to a TLS server with Python's ssl module and print the negotiated protocol version and cipher suite details.
import ssl
import socket
def get_cipher_suites(hostname, port=443):
context = ssl.create_default_context()
context.set_ciphers("DEFAULT:@SECLEVEL=2")
with socket.create_connection((hostname, port), timeout=5) as sock:
with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=hostname) as ssock:
…How to Mock HTTP Responses to Verify HSTS Headers in Python
This code demonstrates how to use unittest.mock to intercept and capture HTTP response headers, specifically the Strict-Transport-Security header, from a mocked HTTPServer handler for security validation.
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
from unittest.mock import patch
class StrictTransportMock(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Strict-Transport-Security", "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains")
self.end_headers()
…How to Mock a Content Security Policy Header in Python
Mock a Content-Security-Policy header locally and verify it's served correctly using Python's built-in HTTP server.
import json
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
CSP_HEADER = "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'"
class MockServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
if self.path == "/":
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("…How to Test X-Content-Type-Options nosniff in Python with Mocks
Mock httpx responses and verify that a server's X-Content-Type-Options header includes nosniff to prevent MIME sniffing.
import httpx
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
def fetch_headers(url: str) -> dict:
response = httpx.get(url)
return dict(response.headers)
def mock_nosniff_check(response) -> bool:
content_type = response.headers.get("content-type", "")
x_content_type_options = response.headers.get("x-content-ty…OAuth2 authorization code flow mock in Python
A minimal HTTP server that mocks the OAuth2 authorization code flow, issuing codes via /authorize and exchanging them for tokens at /token.
import json
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
AUTH_CODE_STORE = {}
CLIENT_ID = "demo-client"
REDIRECT_URI = "http://localhost:8000/callback"
class OAuthHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
parsed = urlparse(self.path)
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Auth & security at scale — Python code examples
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