Concurrency & performance
asyncio, threading, multiprocessing, and profiling-friendly performance patterns.
How to Use ProcessPoolExecutor for CPU Parallel Map in Python
Run a function over a sequence of inputs in parallel across multiple CPU cores with ProcessPoolExecutor.map.
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
import math
def compute_square(num):
return num * num
def is_prime(n):
if n < 2:
return False
for i in range(2, int(math.sqrt(n)) + 1):
if n % i == 0:
return False
return True
if __name__ == "__main__":
numbers = rang…How to Use Thread Pool Executor map for IO-Bound Tasks in Python
Run multiple I/O-bound tasks concurrently with ThreadPoolExecutor map and collect their results in order.
import time
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
def io_bound_task(task_id: int) -> str:
time.sleep(0.2) # mock I/O wait
return f"Task {task_id} completed"
def main() -> None:
task_ids = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as executor:
results = list(executor.…How to Use multiprocessing Pool map and starmap in Python
Parallelize functions over iterables with Pool.map, and unpack multiple arguments via Pool.starmap.
from multiprocessing import Pool
def square(x):
return x * x
def add_and_multiply(a, b, c):
return (a + b) * c
if __name__ == "__main__":
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
with Pool(processes=2) as pool:
squares = pool.map(square, numbers)
print(f"squares: {squares}")
starmap_arg…Limit Concurrency with asyncio.Semaphore in Python
Use asyncio.Semaphore to cap how many async tasks run at once, throttling a batch of coroutines to a set concurrency limit.
import asyncio
import random
async def fetch_data(i: int, semaphore: asyncio.Semaphore) -> str:
async with semaphore:
print(f"Task {i} starts")
await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(0.1, 0.5))
print(f"Task {i} finishes")
return f"Result {i}"
async def main() -> None:
semaphore …Thread Pool Map for IO Bound Tasks in Python
Run IO-bound mock tasks concurrently with ThreadPoolExecutor.map and measure total elapsed time in Python.
import concurrent.futures
import time
from pathlib import Path
def mock_io_task(filename):
"""Simulate an IO-bound task by creating a small file and measuring its latency."""
path = Path(filename)
path.write_text("data")
time.sleep(0.1) # Simulate slow disk/network
return f"{filename} written in …Browse by section
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Concurrency & performance — Python code examples
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