Files & data
Read and write files safely; parse JSON, CSV, and common text formats.
How to Check Disk Free Space in Python with shutil.disk_usage
This Python script uses the standard library shutil.disk_usage to report total, used, and free disk space in bytes, plus a percentage usage figure.
import shutil
def check_disk_free_space(path="/"):
"""Return a tuple of total, used, and free disk space in bytes."""
usage = shutil.disk_usage(path)
return usage.total, usage.used, usage.free
if __name__ == "__main__":
total, used, free = check_disk_free_space()
print(f"Total: {total:,} bytes"…How to Compress a String to Gzip Bytes in Python
Compress a string into gzip-compressed bytes entirely in memory using the standard library gzip module.
import gzip
def compress_to_gzip_bytes(data: str, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> bytes:
"""Compress a string to gzip-compressed bytes in memory."""
return gzip.compress(data.encode(encoding))
if __name__ == "__main__":
original = "Hello, world! " * 10
compressed = compress_to_gzip_bytes(original)
pr…How to Read Binary File Bytes and Inspect the Header in Python
Read the first bytes of a binary file with pathlib and display them as a hex dump plus an ASCII view to inspect file headers.
import pathlib
def inspect_binary_header(filepath: str, num_bytes: int = 16) -> None:
"""Read the first bytes of a binary file and display them as hex and ASCII."""
path = pathlib.Path(filepath)
data = path.read_bytes()[:num_bytes]
hex_str = ' '.join(f"{byte:02x}" for byte in data)
ascii_str …How to Serialize a Python Object to Pickle Bytes in Memory
Serialize a Python object to pickle bytes in memory with pickle.dumps, then deserialize it back with pickle.loads and verify the roundtrip.
import pickle
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, skills):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.skills = skills
def main():
person = Person("Alice", 30, ["Python", "SQL", "Docker"])
# Serialize to bytes in memory
pickle_bytes = pickle.dumps(person)
print(…How to Write Bytes to a File in Python with 'wb'
Write a bytearray buffer to a binary file using Python's open() in 'wb' mode, then read it back to confirm the data.
data = bytearray([0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64])
with open("output.bin", "wb") as f:
f.write(data)
with open("output.bin", "rb") as f:
content = f.read()
print(f"Written {len(data)} bytes: {content}")
print(f"As string: {content.decode('ascii')}")Reassemble File Parts into Original File Bytes in Python
Read sorted part files from a directory and concatenate their bytes into the original file.
import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path
def reassemble_parts(parts_dir: Path, output_path: Path) -> int:
"""
Reassemble file parts into the original file.
Args:
parts_dir: Directory containing the part files
output_path: Path where the reassembled file will be written
Returns:
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