Files & data
Read and write files safely; parse JSON, CSV, and common text formats.
Find Duplicate Web Pages by Content Similarity in Python
Compute SHA-256 hashes of file contents to detect and report duplicate HTML pages or any files in a directory.
import hashlib
import os
from collections import defaultdict
def get_file_hash(filepath):
"""Compute SHA-256 hash of file contents."""
sha256 = hashlib.sha256()
with open(filepath, 'rb') as f:
for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(4096), b''):
sha256.update(chunk)
return sha256.hexdiges…How to Extract IP Address Counts from Access Logs in Python
Read a web server access log, count occurrences of each IP address using regex and Counter, and print the ranked results.
import re
from collections import Counter
from pathlib import Path
def extract_ip_counts(log_file_path):
ip_pattern = r'^(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})'
ip_counter = Counter()
with open(log_file_path, 'r') as file:
for line in file:
match = re.match(ip_pattern, line)
…How to Find HTML Elements by Tag, Class, ID, CSS Selector, and Attribute in BeautifulSoup
Parse an HTML string with BeautifulSoup and demonstrate five distinct ways to locate elements: by tag name, by class, by ID, by CSS selector, and by attribute.
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_content = """
<html><body>
<h1 id="title" class="heading">Hello World</h1>
<p class="content">First paragraph</p>
<p class="content special">Second paragraph</p>
<a href="https://example.com" class="link">Click here</a>
<div id="footer">
<p>© 2024</p>
…How to Parse Apache Log Files in Python
Parse Apache common log format lines into structured dictionaries using Python's standard library.
import re
from pathlib import Path
def parse_apache_line(line):
pattern = r'^(\S+) (\S+) (\S+) \[([^\]]+)\] "(\S+) (\S+) (\S+)" (\d{3}) (\S+)'
match = re.match(pattern, line)
if not match:
return None
ip, ident, user, timestamp, method, path, protocol, status, size = match.groups()
return …How to Scrape Headlines from a News Website Using Beautiful Soup in Python
Scrape headline text from a news website using requests and Beautiful Soup with a CSS selector.
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def scrape_headlines(url: str, selector: str) -> list:
"""
Scrape headlines from a news website using Beautiful Soup.
Args:
url: The URL of the news website.
selector: CSS selector for headline elements.
Returns:
List of h…Scrape HTML Tables and Convert Them to CSV Using Beautiful Soup in Python
Scrape a Wikipedia table with Beautiful Soup and write the data to a CSV file using the csv module.
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import csv
url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)"
response = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
tables = soup.find_all('table', {'class': 'wikitable'})
if tables:
target_table = tables[2]
rows =…Browse by section
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