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Functions & basics

Reusable building blocks — parameters, returns, scope, and clear function design.

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How to Write a Normalize Function with Default Parameters in Python

Define a reusable normalize function with configurable default parameters for lowercase conversion, whitespace stripping, and punctuation removal.

functions default-parameters string-processing

Python

def normalize(text, lowercase=True, strip_whitespace=True, remove_punctuation=False):
    """Normalize a string based on configurable options."""
    if lowercase:
        text = text.lower()
    if strip_whitespace:
        text = text.strip()
    if remove_punctuation:
        text = ''.join(char for char in text if…

14 0 Open

Functions & basics easy

Mutual Recursion for Even/Odd Check in Python

Implements even and odd checks using two functions that call each other recursively, demonstrating base cases and alternating calls.

recursion functions mutual-recursion

Python

def is_even(n):
    if n == 0:
        return True
    return is_odd(n - 1)

def is_odd(n):
    if n == 0:
        return False
    return is_even(n - 1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    for num in range(0, 11):
        print(f"{num}: even={is_even(num)}, odd={is_odd(num)}")

12 0 Open

Functions & basics easy

Write a Recursive Factorial Function in Python

Define a recursive factorial function that handles edge cases and returns the product of all positive integers up to n.

recursion factorial functions

Python

def factorial(n):
    """Return the factorial of n using recursion."""
    if n < 0:
        raise ValueError("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers")
    if n == 0 or n == 1:
        return 1
    return n * factorial(n - 1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(factorial(5))

14 0 Open

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