Functions & basics
Reusable building blocks — parameters, returns, scope, and clear function design.
Format CLI help text in Python
Build a readable usage string for a command-line tool, aligning flags and wrapping descriptions with the textwrap module.
import textwrap
def format_help(command_name: str, description: str, options: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> str:
"""Format CLI help text into a readable usage string."""
header = f"Usage: {command_name} [OPTIONS]"
lines = [header, "", description, "", "Options:"]
for flag, help_text in options:
…
How to Add a Dry Run Flag to a Python CLI Command
Build a Python CLI command with a --dry-run flag that previews actions and exits before making real changes.
import argparse
import sys
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Sample CLI command with dry-run flag")
parser.add_argument("--name", required=True, help="Name to greet")
parser.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true", dest="dry_run",
help="Show what would…
How to Build a Subcommand Parser Tree with argparse in Python
Create a CLI with nested subcommands (like git) using argparse subparsers, where each subcommand maps to its own handler function.
import argparse
def cmd_add(args):
print(f"Adding {args.num1} + {args.num2} = {args.num1 + args.num2}")
def cmd_sub(args):
print(f"Subtracting {args.num1} - {args.num2} = {args.num1 - args.num2}")
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="calculator")
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(d…
How to Validate CLI Integer Option Within a Range in Python
Use argparse with integer type and bounds checking to validate a command-line option falls within a specified min-max range.
import argparse
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Validate an integer within a range.")
parser.add_argument("--value", type=int, required=True, help="Integer to validate")
parser.add_argument("--min", type=int, default=0, help="Minimum allowed value")
parser.add_argument("--max…
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Functions & basics — Python code examples
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This page collects functions & basics snippets — short, copy-ready Python you can paste into our free online IDE and run without installing anything. Each sample includes a plain-English explanation and the full source code.
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Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.