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Functions & basics

Reusable building blocks — parameters, returns, scope, and clear function design.

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How to Build Partial Functions with functools.partial in Python

Create reusable partial functions that pre-fill arguments using functools.partial, like making square and cube functions from a general power function.

functools partial higher-order-functions

Python

```python
from functools import partial

def power(base, exponent):
    """Calculate base raised to the exponent power."""
    return base ** exponent

# Create partial functions for common powers
square = partial(power, exponent=2)
cube = partial(power, exponent=3)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    squares = [square(x)…

12 0 Open

Functions & basics easy

How to Compose Two Functions into a Single Callable in Python

Combine two Python functions into a single callable using a compose helper, then apply the chained call.

functions composition lambda

Python

def add_one(x):
    return x + 1

def double(x):
    return x * 2

def compose(f, g):
    return lambda x: f(g(x))

add_then_double = compose(double, add_one)
double_then_add = compose(add_one, double)

result1 = add_then_double(5)
result2 = double_then_add(5)

print(f"add_one then double(5) = {result1}")
print(f"doub…

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Functions & basics easy

How to Create a Higher-Order Function in Python (Apply Twice)

This code defines a higher-order function that takes another function and a value, then applies the function twice to the value and returns the result.

higher-order functions composition

Python

def apply_twice(func, value):
    return func(func(value))

def add_ten(x):
    return x + 10

def square(x):
    return x ** 2

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(apply_twice(add_ten, 5))
    print(apply_twice(square, 3))

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