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Microservices patterns

Service boundaries, discovery, inter-service calls, and decomposition patterns.

4 matches

How to Implement an Outbox Pattern Mock in Python

This code demonstrates a simple in-memory outbox pattern mock for publishing domain events and tracking pending events until they are marked as published.

outbox domain-events microservices

Python

from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import datetime
from uuid import uuid4


@dataclass
class DomainEvent:
    event_id: str = field(default_factory=lambda: str(uuid4()))
    occurred_at: datetime = field(default_factory=datetime.utcnow)


class Outbox:
    def __init__(self):
        self._events =…

13 0 Open

Microservices patterns easy

How to Mock a GraphQL Backend in Python

Create an in-memory GraphQL mock backend using dataclasses and resolver methods returning plain dictionaries.

graphql mock dataclasses

Python

from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict
from typing import Any, Dict, List


@dataclass
class Product:
    id: int
    name: str
    price: float


@dataclass
class User:
    id: int
    username: str


class MockGraphQLBackend:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.products = [
            Product(id=1, name…

15 0 Open

Microservices patterns easy

How to mock a SPIFFE workload identity in Python

Generate a mock SPIFFE ID and token for a workload using a trust domain, namespace, and service account.

spiffe identity microservices

Python

import hashlib
import json
from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict


@dataclass
class SPIFFEIdentity:
    trust_domain: str
    namespace: str
    service_account: str

    @property
    def id(self) -> str:
        return f"spiffe://{self.trust_domain}/ns/{self.namespace}/sa/{self.service_account}"


def mock_workl…

13 0 Open

Microservices patterns easy

Retry idempotent GET requests in Python

A Python function that retries an idempotent GET request a fixed number of times with a delay between attempts, raising a RuntimeError only after all retries fail.

retry idempotent urllib

Python

import time
import urllib.error
import urllib.request
from http.client import HTTPException

def fetch_with_retry(url, max_retries=3, delay=1.0):
    for attempt in range(1, max_retries + 1):
        try:
            with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=5) as response:
                return response.read().decode…

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