Microservices patterns
Service boundaries, discovery, inter-service calls, and decomposition patterns.
BFF aggregation pattern: combine multiple service responses in Python
Mock three backend services and aggregate their responses into one unified payload — the BFF pattern every Python microservice gateway relies on.
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any
@dataclass
class Service:
name: str
data: dict[str, Any]
def get_user_service() -> Service:
return Service("user", {"id": 1, "name": "Alice"})
def get_orders_service() -> Service:
return Service("orders", {"total": 299.99, "count": 2})
de…Cache-Aside Pattern in Python: Per-Service Mock
A Python mock of the cache-aside pattern for a single microservice—lazy-load from a database into an in-memory cache and invalidate on updates.
class ServiceCache:
def __init__(self):
self.database = {"user:1": "Alice", "user:2": "Bob", "user:3": "Charlie"}
self.cache = {}
def get_user(self, user_id):
cache_key = f"user:{user_id}"
if cache_key in self.cache:
print(f"CACHE HIT: {cache_key}")
retu…How to Demonstrate the Shared Database Antipattern in Python
This code simulates a shared database where multiple services write and read the same SQLite table, illustrating tight coupling and its pitfalls.
import sqlite3
from pathlib import Path
def create_shared_db(db_path: Path) -> None:
"""Mock demonstrating the shared database antipattern where multiple
services access the same database, causing tight coupling."""
conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("""
CREATE…How to Implement a Data Helper for Microservices in Python
Create a reusable helper class to serialize, deserialize, and wrap data for microservice communication using dataclasses and JSON.
import json
from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict
from typing import Any, Dict, List
@dataclass
class ServiceResponse:
status: str
data: Any
message: str = ""
class DataHelper:
"""Simple helper for microservice data handling."""
@staticmethod
def serialize(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:…How to Implement an Outbox Pattern Mock in Python
This code demonstrates a simple in-memory outbox pattern mock for publishing domain events and tracking pending events until they are marked as published.
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import datetime
from uuid import uuid4
@dataclass
class DomainEvent:
event_id: str = field(default_factory=lambda: str(uuid4()))
occurred_at: datetime = field(default_factory=datetime.utcnow)
class Outbox:
def __init__(self):
self._events =…How to Mock a GraphQL Backend in Python
Create an in-memory GraphQL mock backend using dataclasses and resolver methods returning plain dictionaries.
from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict
from typing import Any, Dict, List
@dataclass
class Product:
id: int
name: str
price: float
@dataclass
class User:
id: int
username: str
class MockGraphQLBackend:
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.products = [
Product(id=1, name…Browse by section
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Microservices patterns — Python code examples
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This page collects microservices patterns snippets — short, copy-ready Python you can paste into our free online IDE and run without installing anything. Each sample includes a plain-English explanation and the full source code.
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Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.