Modern tooling
uv, ruff, pyproject.toml, packaging, and current Python project workflows.
How to Build a Wheel with Hatchling in Python
Build a Python wheel using the hatchling build backend and the build package, handling missing project metadata automatically.
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
def build_wheel_with_hatchling(project_dir: str) -> str:
"""Build a wheel using hatchling and return the wheel file path."""
project_path = Path(project_dir)
# Simulate a minimal project structure if missing
if not (project_path /…How to Mock Twine Upload to TestPyPI in Python
Simulate a twine upload to TestPyPI with a dry-run mock function that validates distribution files and prints the intended upload action without any network call.
import subprocess
import sys
# Mock twine upload to TestPyPI using subprocess dry-run
def mock_twine_upload(dist_file: str, repo_url: str = "https://test.pypi.org/legacy/") -> None:
"""Simulate twine upload by checking dist file and printing intended action."""
if not dist_file.endswith((".whl", ".tar.gz")):
…How to Mock a PEP 517 Build Backend in Python
Use unittest.mock.Mock to simulate a PEP 517 backend interface, stub build hooks, and verify calls for package build automation.
import json
from unittest.mock import Mock
# Simulate a PEP 517 backend interface
class Pep517Backend:
def build_wheel(self, wheel_directory, config_settings=None, metadata_directory=None):
return f"{wheel_directory}/mock_package-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl"
def get_requires_for_build_wheel(self, config_s…Mock pdm build and publish in Python
Simulate pdm build and publish commands with unittest.mock to test packaging workflows without triggering real builds or uploads.
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
import pdm
def build_package() -> str:
"""Simulate building a package with pdm."""
build_mock = Mock(return_value="dist/mypackage-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl")
with patch.object(pdm, "build", build_mock):
result = pdm.build()
return result
def publish_packa…Browse by section
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Modern tooling — Python code examples
What you will find here
This page collects modern tooling snippets — short, copy-ready Python you can paste into our free online IDE and run without installing anything. Each sample includes a plain-English explanation and the full source code.
Samples vs tutorials and challenges
Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.