OOP & classes
Classes, instances, methods, dataclasses, and object-oriented design in Python.
Composition over Inheritance: How to Build a Wallet Account in Python
Demonstrates composition by wrapping a WalletAccount class in an AuditedWallet decorator-like class to add behavior without changing the original class.
class WalletAccount:
def __init__(self, owner, balance=0.0):
self.owner = owner
self.balance = balance
def deposit(self, amount):
if amount <= 0:
raise ValueError("Deposit must be positive")
self.balance += amount
return self.balance
def withdraw(self, …How to Create Static Methods in a Python Class
Shows how to define and call static methods inside a class using @staticmethod, with utility functions that don't need instance or class state.
class MathUtils:
"""Utility class demonstrating static methods."""
@staticmethod
def add(a, b):
"""Return the sum of two numbers."""
return a + b
@staticmethod
def multiply(a, b):
"""Return the product of two numbers."""
return a * b
@staticmethod
…How to Implement the Decorator Pattern in Python to Add Behavior
This Python code demonstrates the decorator pattern by wrapping a function to add logging behavior without modifying the original function.
import functools
def logger(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print(f"Calling {func.__name__} with {args} {kwargs}")
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
print(f"{func.__name__} returned {result}")
return result
return wrapper
@logger
def add(a, b):
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OOP & classes — Python code examples
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