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Reliability & rate limiting

Retries, exponential backoff, circuit breakers, token buckets, and idempotent handlers.

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Reliability & rate limiting medium

How to Simulate an Outbox Pattern with Reliable Retry in Python

This code implements a mock outbox pattern with records, delivery attempts, and retries to simulate reliable message publishing.

outbox retry messaging
Python 
import time
import itertools

class Outbox:
    def __init__(self):
        self._records = []
        self._seq = itertools.count(1)

    def publish(self, topic, payload):
        record = {
            "id": next(self._seq),
            "topic": topic,
            "payload": payload,
            "status": "pending"…
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