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Reliability & rate limiting

Retries, exponential backoff, circuit breakers, token buckets, and idempotent handlers.

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Reliability & rate limiting medium

Mock a Two-Phase Commit Coordinator in Python

Simulates a two-phase commit protocol where a coordinator asks participants to prepare, then commits or aborts based on unanimous readiness.

two-phase commit distributed systems transactions
Python 
import random
import time
from typing import Dict, List


class TwoPhaseCommitCoordinator:
    def __init__(self, participants: List[str]):
        self.participants = participants
        self.participant_state: Dict[str, bool] = {}

    def prepare(self) -> bool:
        print("[Coordinator] Phase 1: Prepare")
     …
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