System design patterns
Sharding, load balancing, CAP tradeoffs, and scaling patterns — interview and production ready.
How to implement saga orchestration with compensating steps in Python
Orchestrate a distributed transaction across services, rolling back completed steps with compensations when a later step fails.
class InventoryService:
def reserve(self, order_id):
print(f"[Inventory] Reserving stock for order {order_id}")
return True
def compensate(self, order_id):
print(f"[Inventory] Releasing stock for order {order_id}")
class PaymentService:
def charge(self, order_id):
print(f…Implement a Consistent Hash Ring in Python
Build a minimal consistent hash ring with virtual nodes to map keys to servers stably as nodes are added or removed.
import hashlib
import bisect
class ConsistentHashRing:
def __init__(self, nodes=None, replicas=3):
self.replicas = replicas
self.ring = {}
self.sorted_keys = []
if nodes:
for node in nodes:
self.add_node(node)
def _hash(self, key):
return i…Browse by section
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System design patterns — Python code examples
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This page collects system design patterns snippets — short, copy-ready Python you can paste into our free online IDE and run without installing anything. Each sample includes a plain-English explanation and the full source code.
Samples vs tutorials and challenges
Samples are quick reference — one concept per page. For step-by-step teaching, use our Python tutorials. To test yourself, try quizzes or coding challenges. Clean up style with the Python formatter.