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Testing & modern typing

pytest basics, mocks, type hints, TypedDict, Protocol, and static-checking patterns.

6 matches

How to Compare Execution Speed Between Python Functions

Measure and compare the average execution time of multiple Python functions using a reusable benchmark helper with time.perf_counter.

performance benchmarking time

Python

import time
import random

def method_a(values):
    """Sort using built-in sorted."""
    return sorted(values)

def method_b(values):
    """Sort using list's sort method."""
    values_copy = values[:]
    values_copy.sort()
    return values_copy

def method_c(values):
    """Sort manually using bubble sort (slow,…

38 0 Open

Testing & modern typing easy

How to Parametrize pytest Tests with Multiple Input Cases in Python

This code shows how to use pytest's @pytest.mark.parametrize decorator to run the same test function across multiple input-output combinations, checking that an add function behaves correctly for each case.

pytest parametrize testing

Python

import pytest

def add(a, b):
    return a + b


@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b,expected", [
    (1, 2, 3),
    (5, 5, 10),
    (-1, 1, 0),
    (0, 0, 0),
    (10, -3, 7),
])
def test_add(a, b, expected):
    assert add(a, b) == expected


if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main([__file__, "-v"])

14 0 Open

Testing & modern typing easy

How to Skip Slow Tests with pytest.mark in Python

Use pytest.mark.skip and custom marks like @pytest.mark.slow to skip or deselect slow tests during test runs.

pytest testing skip

Python

import pytest
import time


def test_fast():
    assert 1 + 1 == 2


@pytest.mark.skip(reason="slow test skipped by default")
def test_slow():
    time.sleep(5)
    assert True


@pytest.mark.slow
def test_marked_slow():
    time.sleep(5)
    assert True


if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main([__file__, "-v", "-…

12 0 Open

Testing & modern typing medium

How to Use Mock Flip Mutation Testing in Python

Demonstrates how mutation testing tools flip Boolean literals (mock flip) in Python source to verify test suite effectiveness in catching logic changes.

mutation-testing testing bool

Python

import random

# In mutation testing, a "mock flip" intentionally changes a Boolean
# constant to False (or True) to see if the test suite catches it.
# This is a common "constant mutation" applied to a source file's literals.

def is_even(n: int) -> bool:
    """Return True if n is even. Contains a Boolean literal us…

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Testing & modern typing easy

How to Use Union Type Hints in Python

This code demonstrates how to use Union type hints to specify that a parameter can accept multiple types (int, float, str) and handle them accordingly.

type-hints union typing

Python

from typing import Union

def process_value(value: Union[int, float, str]) -> str:
    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
        return f"Number: {value * 2}"
    return f"String: {value.upper()}"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(process_value(10))
    print(process_value(3.14))
    print(process_value("hello"))

14 0 Open

Testing & modern typing easy

Mock datetime with time-machine in Python

Use the time-machine library to travel to a fixed datetime when running tests or scripts, mocking datetime.utcnow().

testing datetime mock

Python

from time_machine import travel
from datetime import datetime


@travel("2020-01-01 10:30:00")
def check_date():
    return datetime.utcnow()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(check_date())

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