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Testing & modern typing

pytest basics, mocks, type hints, TypedDict, Protocol, and static-checking patterns.

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How to Merge TypedDicts in Python

Merge two TypedDict dictionaries with type-aware logic using NotRequired, **kwargs unpacking, and safe key updates.

typing typeddict dict
Python 
from typing import TypedDict, NotRequired, merge  # hypothetical

class User(TypedDict):
    name: str
    email: NotRequired[str]
    age: NotRequired[int]

def merge_users(base: User, **overrides: User) -> User:
    """Merge two user dicts with typing-aware logic."""
    result: User = dict(base)
    for key, value …
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