Automation & scripting
CLI tools, scheduled jobs, filesystem tasks, and glue scripts that save time.
Detect Circular Imports Across Python Projects Automatically
This script walks through all .py files in a directory, builds an import graph, and uses depth-first search to find cycles—printing each circular dependency chain.
import ast
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from collections import defaultdict, deque
def find_imports(filepath):
"""Return set of module names imported by a Python file."""
imports = set()
try:
with open(filepath) as f:
tree = ast.parse(f.read())
except (SyntaxError, UnicodeDe…Detect and Remove Blurry Images in Python with OpenCV
Automatically scan a directory of images, detect blur using Laplacian variance, and remove blurry images with a dry-run option for safety.
from pathlib import Path
import cv2
import numpy as np
def is_blurry(image_path, threshold=100.0):
"""
Detect if an image is blurry using Laplacian variance.
Returns True if blurry, False otherwise.
"""
img = cv2.imread(str(image_path), cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
if img is None:
return True…Discover RSS Feeds From Any Website in Python
Scrape a website's HTML to automatically find all linked RSS or Atom feed URLs using requests, BeautifulSoup, and regex.
import requests
import re
from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def discover_rss_feeds(url):
"""Discover all RSS/Atom feeds linked from a given website."""
try:
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; RSSDiscovery/1.0)'}
response = requests.get(url…Download Images from a Web Page Automatically in Python
Scrape all images from a webpage, filter by extension, and save them to a local folder using requests and BeautifulSoup.
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.parse import urljoin
import os
def download_images(url, output_folder="downloaded_images"):
"""Download all images from a given URL."""
os.makedirs(output_folder, exist_ok=True)
response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
…Extract Attachments from mbox Mailbox Files in Python
Extract file attachments from an mbox mailbox format using Python's standard library email and mailbox modules.
import email
import mailbox
from email.policy import default
from pathlib import Path
def extract_attachments(mbox_path, output_dir):
output_dir = Path(output_dir)
output_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
mbox = mailbox.mbox(mbox_path)
for msg in mbox:
if msg.is_multipart():
for part i…Find All Redirects on a Website in Python
Crawl a website from a starting URL, follow links within the same domain, and detect every HTTP redirect (301, 302, 303, 307, 308) using requests with redirects disabled.
import requests
from urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparse
from collections import deque
def find_redirects(start_url, max_pages=50):
visited = set()
redirects = {}
queue = deque([start_url])
while queue and len(visited) < max_pages:
url = queue.popleft()
if url in visited:
…Find Best Meeting Time Across Time Zones in Python
This code calculates overlapping available hours among participants in different time zones and returns the best meeting time in UTC and each participant's local time.
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import List, Tuple, Optional
@dataclass
class Participant:
name: str
timezone: str
# weekdays availability: 0=Mon, start_hour (0-23), end_hour (0-23)
available_slots: List[Tup…Find Dead Code in a Python Project Using AST
Walk a project tree, parse every Python file with ast, and list defined functions that are never called anywhere.
import ast
import os
import sys
def find_dead_code(project_path):
defined_functions = {}
called_functions = set()
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(project_path):
for file in files:
if file.endswith('.py'):
filepath = os.path.join(root, file)
with open(f…Find Orphan Files Not Referenced Anywhere in Python
Scan a project directory for files whose names never appear in the content of other files, identifying potentially unused resources.
import os
from pathlib import Path
import re
def find_orphan_files(root_dir: str, extensions: set = None, ignore_patterns: list = None):
"""Find files not referenced by any other file in the project."""
if extensions is None:
extensions = {'.txt', '.md', '.py', '.html', '.css', '.js', '.json', '.yaml'…Find Sensitive Information in Log Files with Python
Scan log files for emails, IP addresses, API keys, and passwords using regular expressions in Python.
import re
import os
from pathlib import Path
def find_sensitive_info(log_path):
"""Scans log files for patterns like emails, IPs, API keys, and passwords."""
patterns = {
'Email': r'[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}',
'IP Address': r'\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b',
'API Key'…Find Unused Python Packages Automatically
Scan a Python project's source files for imports and list installed packages not imported anywhere.
import pkg_resources
import ast
import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path
def find_imports_in_project(project_dir="."):
imports = set()
for py_file in Path(project_dir).rglob("*.py"):
try:
with open(py_file, "r") as f:
tree = ast.parse(f.read())
for node in …Find and Delete Duplicate Files Using Hashing in Python
Walk a directory tree, compute SHA256 hashes for every file, and delete duplicates that share the same hash.
import hashlib
import os
from pathlib import Path
def file_hash(path, block_size=65536):
"""Return SHA256 hash of file content."""
hasher = hashlib.sha256()
with open(path, 'rb') as f:
while chunk := f.read(block_size):
hasher.update(chunk)
return hasher.hexdigest()
def find_and_d…Find the Largest Files Consuming Disk Space with a Beautiful Terminal Report in Python
Scan a directory recursively and print a formatted terminal report of the largest files, with human-readable sizes.
import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path
def get_largest_files(directory: str, count: int = 10) -> list:
"""
Scan the given directory and return the largest files.
Args:
directory: Path to the directory to scan
count: Number of largest files to return
Returns:
…Generate Beautiful Project Documentation from Python Source Code Automatically
Automatically generate a markdown summary of function docstrings from any Python source file using the AST module.
import ast
import inspect
from pathlib import Path
def extract_docstrings_from_file(filepath):
"""Parse a Python file and collect function docstrings."""
source = Path(filepath).read_text()
tree = ast.parse(source)
docs = []
for node in ast.walk(tree):
if isinstance(node, (ast.FunctionDef…Generate Holiday Calendars for Different Countries in Python
Generate a sorted list of public holidays for a given country and year using Python's calendar and datetime modules.
import calendar
from datetime import date, timedelta
def generate_holiday_calendar(country_code, year=2025):
holidays = []
if country_code == "US":
# New Year's Day
holidays.append(date(year, 1, 1))
# Independence Day
holidays.append(date(year, 7, 4))
# Thanksgivin…Generate Strong Random Passwords with Custom Rules in Python
Build a configurable password generator using Python's secrets module that lets you toggle lowercase, uppercase, digits, and punctuation.
import secrets
import string
def generate_password(length=16, use_lower=True, use_upper=True, use_digits=True, use_punct=True):
pool = ''
if use_lower:
pool += string.ascii_lowercase
if use_upper:
pool += string.ascii_uppercase
if use_digits:
pool += string.digits
if use_pu…Generate Strong SSH Keys and Save Them Securely with Python
Generate a 4096-bit RSA SSH key pair using Python's cryptography library and save both private and public keys with restricted file permissions.
import os
import stat
from pathlib import Path
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
def generate_ssh_keypair(key_path: str = "id_rsa", passphrase: str = None):
"""Generate a 4096-…Generate a Monthly Report CSV from Log Files in Python
Reads a CSV log file, filters events by a given month, aggregates daily event counts and revenue, and writes a summarized monthly report to a new CSV.
import csv
from collections import defaultdict
from datetime import datetime
def generate_monthly_report(log_file: str, month: str, output_file: str) -> None:
events_by_date = defaultdict(int)
revenue_by_date = defaultdict(float)
with open(log_file, 'r') as f:
for line in f:
date_…How to Auto Organize Downloads by File Extension in Python
A Python script that sorts files in a directory into subfolders based on their file extensions, creating folders automatically.
import os
import shutil
from pathlib import Path
def organize_downloads(download_dir="~/Downloads"):
"""Move files in a directory into subfolders based on file extension."""
download_path = Path(download_dir).expanduser()
if not download_path.exists():
print(f"Directory not found: {download_p…How to Automatically Download Every Favicon from a List of Websites in Python
Download each website's favicon.ico file by constructing its URL, making a GET request, and saving the binary content locally.
import requests
from urllib.parse import urlparse
import os
websites = [
"https://www.google.com",
"https://www.github.com",
"https://www.stackoverflow.com"
]
def download_favicon(url):
parsed = urlparse(url)
favicon_url = f"{parsed.scheme}://{parsed.netloc}/favicon.ico"
response = requests.g…How to Backup an SQLite Database with a Timestamp in Python
Backs up an SQLite database file to a timestamped copy using the sqlite3 backup API.
import sqlite3
import shutil
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path
def backup_database(db_path: str, backup_dir: str = "backups") -> Path:
db = Path(db_path)
backup_folder = Path(backup_dir)
backup_folder.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
…How to Batch Resize Images in Python with pathlib and Pillow
Batch resize all JPG images from a source folder and save to a destination folder using pathlib and Pillow.
from pathlib import Path
from PIL import Image
def batch_resize_images(src_dir: str, dest_dir: str, size: tuple[int, int] = (800, 600)) -> None:
src_path = Path(src_dir)
dest_path = Path(dest_dir)
dest_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
for img_path in src_path.glob("*.jpg"):
if not …How to Build a CLI with argparse in Python
Create a beginner-friendly command-line tool in Python that processes multiple filenames with optional flags for verbose output and uppercase conversion.
import argparse
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="A simple CLI to process files with optional verbose mode."
)
parser.add_argument("filenames", nargs="+", help="Files to process")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="Print extra details")
…How to Build a Cryptocurrency Price Tracker in Python
A continuous Python script that fetches real-time cryptocurrency prices from the CoinGecko API and displays them on a loop.
import requests
import time
def get_crypto_prices(coin_ids=["bitcoin", "ethereum", "solana"]):
url = "https://api.coingecko.com/api/v3/simple/price"
params = {
"ids": ",".join(coin_ids),
"vs_currencies": "usd"
}
try:
response = requests.get(url, params=params, timeout=10)
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