Files & data

import csv
import statistics
from math import sqrt

def detect_outliers(csv_path, column_name, threshold=2.0):
    """Detect outliers in a numeric column using z-score method."""
    values = []
    with open(csv_path, 'r', newline='') as f:
        reader = csv.DictReader(f)
        if column_name not in reader.field…

import hashlib
from pathlib import Path

def file_hash(path: Path, chunk_size: int = 8192) -> str:
    sha256 = hashlib.sha256()
    with path.open("rb") as f:
        for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(chunk_size), b""):
            sha256.update(chunk)
    return sha256.hexdigest()

def files_are_identical(file_a: Pat…

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def scrape_headlines(url: str, selector: str) -> list:
    """
    Scrape headlines from a news website using Beautiful Soup.
    
    Args:
        url: The URL of the news website.
        selector: CSS selector for headline elements.
    
    Returns:
        List of h…

import json
from typing import Any, Dict

def validate_person_schema(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
    """Validate a person object against expected schema shape."""
    if not isinstance(data, dict):
        return False
    
    # Required fields check
    required_fields = {"name", "age", "email"}
    if not requir…

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import csv

url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)"
response = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

tables = soup.find_all('table', {'class': 'wikitable'})

if tables:
    target_table = tables[2]
    rows =…